1、英文资料及翻译 Location Control Unit InHydroelectric Power Plant Automation Application 1. Foreword The hydraulic electricity generationcompares with burns coal, the fuel oil, the nuclear power electricity generation, the energy is renewable, the never exhaustible clean energy. The country gives priority t
2、o development the hydraulic electricity generation achievement to do well at present the energy balance the strategic measure, and appeared a row measure to encourage to advance the hydroelectric power plant construction vigorously. In the water and electricity profession, was on duty along with hyd
3、roelectric power plant nobody (few person value to defend) and the condition overhaul work thoroughly develops unceasingly, adds water the power plant production to move and to manage set a higher request； “Separated take the factory net, competes the price to access the net” also adds water as the
4、foundation electric power system reform the power plant automation technology to set the new request. Computer technology, information technology, networking, industry control technology rapid development, for hydroelectric power plant synthesis automated system regardless of in the structure in the
5、 function, has all provided a broad development space. The 70s intermediate stages, the overseas hydroelectric power plant starts the advanced computer technology to apply in the hydro-electric power station industrial control, raised the hydroelectric power plant automated level greatly, has obtain
6、ed the good economic efficiency. At the end of the 70s, the original electric power department science and technology committee managed held “the national hydroelectric power plant automation technical background meeting”, formulated the hydroelectric power plant automation science and technology to
7、 develop 7 years plan, our country starts to introduce and the domestic independent research and development hydroelectric power plant computer supervisory system technology and to obtain the huge success. Through many year endeavors, the domestic independent development hydroelectric power plant au
8、tomation technology development experienced had tried to find out, the experiment site, the promotion, enhanced these four stages, has obtained the very big result. In the recent 20 years, the domestic hydroelectric power plant automation level development are specially rapid, at present entered the
9、 world advanced ranks. The hydroelectric power plant computer supervisory system usually may divide into two major parts, one is carries on the common control to the entire factory equipment the part, calls it the factory level or the factory station level supervisory system； Another part is located
10、 the water wheel electricity generation level, the switching house and so on the equipment nearby control sections, is called the location control system. The location control system main constituent is location control unit LCU (Local Control Unit), the early on once has used with electrical networ
11、k dispatch remote terminal RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) the similar name, considered LCU the meaning is more accurate, since 1991 “location control unit academic conference”, basically unifies calls it LCU. Now makes several discussions on LCU in Our country Hydroelectric power plant automated system
12、application and the development. 2. LCU application In the hydroelectric power plant computer supervisory system LCU with the power plant production process connection, is directly in the system most has the object-oriented distribution characteristic the control device. The location control unit co
13、ntrolled member mainly includes following several parts: (1) power plant generating set, mainly has the hydraulic turbine, the generator, the auxiliary engine, the transformer and so on； (2) switching house, mainly has the generatrix, the circuit breaker, the isolator, the earth knife switch and so
14、on； (3) public utility, mainly has the factory to use electricity the system, the oil system, the aqueous system, the direct current system and so on； (4) strobe, mainly has the water inlet strobe, the flood discharge strobe and so on. The LCU general arrangement nearby the power plant production eq
15、uipment, to is accused the object movement operating mode to carry on the real-time surveillance and the control, is the power plant computer supervisory system compares the first floor control section. The primary data carries on gathering and the pretreatment in this, each kind of control adjustme
16、nt order all sends out and completes the control closed loop through it, it is in the entire supervisory system very important, to the reliable request very high control device. Uses in the hydroelectric power plant LCU may divide into unit LCU, public LCU, switching house LCU according to the monit
17、oring object and the installment position and so on. But and disposes according to the LCU itself structure divides, then may divide into the single trigger - - linear structure LCU, take programmable controller (PLC) as foundation LCU, the intelligent location controller and so on three kinds. Firs
18、t kind of LCU many for hydroelectric power plant automation initial period product, at present basic no longer has used in the new system. Moreover still had few small hydroelectric power plants to use based on industry PC machine (called labor controlled machine IPC) the control system, below only
19、discussed is in the mainstream status PLC and the intelligent location controller (the recent several years still had is called PCC (Programmable Computer Controller), PAC (Programmable Automation Controller) product, should also be possible to classify). 2.1 programmable controller (PLC) The PLC de
20、finition has many kinds. International electrician committee (IEC) to PLC the definition is: The programmable controller is one kind of digital operation electronic system, for designs specially in the industry environment application. It uses the programmable the memory, uses in its internally stor
21、ed program, carries out the logic operation, the sequential control, fixed time, counts with the arithmetic operation and so on face users instruction, and through digital, the simulation input and the output, controls each kind of type the machinery or the production process. The programmable contr
22、oller and the related equipment, all should according to easy form a whole with the industry control system, easy to expand its function the principle design. At first, needed to produce as a result of the American automobile industry has been possible to say was primitive PLC. Although the PLC bein
23、g published time does not calculate long too, but along with the microprocessor appearance, large-scale, the ultra large scale integrated circuit technique of manufacture and the data communication technology rapid development, the PLC application and the technology also obtained the rapid developme
24、nt, its developing process approximately separable three stages: (1) early time PLC (at the end of 60s - 70s intermediate stages): Early PLC is called the programmable logical controller generally. (2) intermediate stage PLC (in 70s intermediate stage - 80s, later period): Starts in the 70s to use t
25、he microprocessor to take PLC the central processing element (CPU). Thus, causes PLC to result in the function big enhancement. In the software aspect, in the original logic operation, fixed time, counted and so on in the function foundations to increase functions and so on arithmetic operation, dat
26、a processing and data communication, from diagnosis. In the hardware aspect, has developed the simulation quantity module, the long-distance I/O module as well as each kind of special function module, enables PLC the application scope to expand rapidly to needs the automatic control very many profes
27、sions. (3) near future PLC (in the 80s, later period until now) enters in for the 80s, the later period, because the microprocessor hardware technique of manufacture rapid development, simultaneously the market price large scale drop, will cause each PLC manufacturer to be possible to use a higher s
28、cale the microprocessor. In order to further enhance PLC the processing speed, the very many manufacture manufacturer also developed has developed the special-purpose logical processing chip. Afterwards PLC has also integrated Ethernet, technologies and so on Web Server, has provided the function ri
29、ch necessary software, causes the user community to use handily. On the century 80s to the 90s intermediate stages, are PLC develops the quickest time, the yearly rate continuously maintenance is 30%40%. In this time, the PLC data acquisition handling ability, the numeral operational capability, the
30、 man-machine connection and network traffic capacity all obtains the large scale enhancement, PLC enters the process control domain gradually, unified after the partial industry control device substitutes gradually in certain applications has been at the dominant position in the process control doma
31、in the DCS system. Because PLC has the versatility strongly, the reliability high, the easy to operate, the programming simple, the adaptation surface broad and so on the characteristics, caused it is specially in the sequential control obtained the extremely widespread application in the industrial
32、 automation control. Applies PLC in the hydroelectric power plant production equipment monitoring begins in on the century 80s, because PLC defers to the industry use environment the standard to carry on the design generally, the reliability high, antijamming ability strong, the programming simple p
33、ractical, met inserts the performance good very quickly accepts by the power plant user and system integration business, obtained the good application. At present includes in Our country Hydroelectric power plant use widespread PLC: GE Fanuc Corporations GE Fanuc 90 series, German Siemens Corporatio
34、ns S5, S7 series, French Schneider Corporations Modicon Premium, Atrium and Quantum, American Rockwell Corporation PLC5, Control Logix, Japanese OMRON Corporations SU-5, SU-6, SU-8, Japanese MITSUBISHI Corporations FX2 series and so on. Because each kind of PLC principle of design difference is big,
35、 the product function, the performance as well as may constitute the location system scale to have the very big difference. Generally speaking, according to the different power plant in the security performance (including reliability, maintainable and so on), aspect and so on application function, c
36、ontrol scale, system structure actual demands carries on the choice, may find appropriate PLC. At present there is big part of power plants the automated system all uses the PLC constitution location control section, and matches through the reasonable disposition, they basically all can shoulder the corresponding responsibility in the system, completes the corresponding function.
