1、附录 Financing small and medium-sized problem is not unique to China. In the United States, the existence of such an economic phenomenon of the same, the difference is that the U.S. government measures to support a market-oriented SMEs. Chinas very rapid development of SMEs, currently has more than 43
2、0 million small and medium enterprises, SMEs can be seen in economic activity in China to occupy more and more of the components already. In order to help the development of SMEs in China, the central government has promulgated a number of policies in recent years. However, as funding is concerned,
3、the majority of domestic small and medium enterprises are still everywhere, meet with a rebuff. Because of shortage of funds in many small and medium enterprises, development has been limited. Perhaps, the U.S. government to encourage small and medium-sized ways and means of financing is worth learn
4、ing from. Similarly the United States there are difficulties in SME lending Although the U.S. companies the proportion of bank financing through external financing accounted for about 61.8 percent, but small and medium-sized view, because of the existence of relatively high credit risk, leading fina
5、ncial institutions, commercial loans to small and medium-sized lack of impact on the financing of small and medium enterprises. U.S. commercial well-developed financial system, but the prevalence of small and medium-sized small scale, lack of credit, the reasons for poor business environment, small
6、and medium-sized financial institutions are not commercial loans the preferred target. Development and stability that only those products with market and credit conditions favorable to small and medium-sized commercial banks to obtain loans. This point and treat Chinas commercial banks loans to SMEs
7、 with little difference between the attitude Typically, the United States the amount of long-term financing of SMEs and 25% 85% from the accumulation of the enterprise. 90 In the mid-20th century, the total internal sources of funds financing the proportion rose to 61.5 percent from 82.8 percent, wh
8、ich shows that the United States to obtain commercial financing of small and medium-sized proportion was not high. The difference is that the U.S. government has never been to the commercial financial institutions to issue administrative indicators, but mainly through government policy on small and
9、medium-sized financial institutions to provide the Guarantee Fund, and guide financial institutions in commercial lending to SMEs. In addition, the SME Credit Guarantee in the United States, the commercial banks also have a larger initiative, to decide whether or not the loan, whether to apply for g
10、overnment guarantees. In addition, the U.S. government and the local small and medium-sized foreign banks have not provided any financing and loan services. Would like to obtain financing unless the business has been successfully registered in the United States, and the owner of this business is a U
11、.S. citizen or permanent residence of the U.S. federal taxpayers. Contrast, the financing structure of SMEs in the United States U.S. small and medium-sized and large enterprises through equity financing and debt financing to fund access to business development. Equity financing for SMEs in the Unit
12、ed States accounted for 49.63% of total assets, debt financing for SMEs accounted for 50.37% of total assets. Financing structure of the United States through the analysis and comparison, we get the following revelation: In improving the financial industry specialization to develop at the same time
13、small and medium-sized financial institutions, the financing of small and medium-sized changes in the status of the system also depends on the arrangements for non-financial innovation. On the one hand, including large enterprises, including the system of innovation is to broaden the financing chann
14、els for SMEs in an important way. On the other hand, the effectiveness of innovation in the financial system, also depends on the real economy to create the system. With the West is relatively sound financial system countries, Chinas small and medium enterprises financing difficulties faced by SMEs
15、in Western countries than in more difficult, not only is Chinas financial institutions, the impact of preferences, there are many reasons for their own financial institutions. At the same time, the market system, interest rates and charges, mortgages and guarantees, and other aspects of integration
16、of the financial sector, Chinas market and the need to improve the system. China started the development of SMEs with foreign capital compared to less than significant in the development of the industry are often subject to restrictions on the adjustment. In fact, Chinas small and medium enterprises
17、 in the Credit Ratings in the lower grades, it is difficult to obtain the trust of financial institutions, which directly affect their lending. Chinas small and medium-sized to the development process in the future to address the financing difficulties, the most important issues is to establish good
18、 faith. Lets look at private financing. Although our country has been to broaden the financing channels for civil society, but still very smooth. Market-oriented operation of the informal or semi-formal financial financing models have not yet fully developed, even if the development in some areas an
19、d did not embark on the track of normal operation. The United States is encouraging the development of supporting measures for SMEs As a result of the national economy of a country SMEs are the most active ingredient, which the governments of the world on the development and financing of small and m
20、edium enterprises attach great importance to the issue, the United States is no exception. In order to encourage the development of SMEs, the U.S. government to take a lot of ways to be used for reference. Establish and improve laws and regulations to support SME financing. The U.S. federal government to support the development of SMEs for the development of the regulations, the adoption of legislative norms in the form of financing small and medium-sized service system, including: small and medium-sized law, small and medium-sized investment law, Economic Policy Act of SMEs, small and
