1、本科毕业论文外文翻译 外文题目： Internation Trade and its Effects on Economic Growth in China 出 处： IZA DP No. 5151 （ 2010） 作 者： Peng Sun and Almas Heshmati 原 文： International Trade and its Effects on Economic Growth in China ABSTRACT International trade, as a major factor of openness, has made an increasingly sign
2、ificant contribution to economic growth Chinese international trade has experienced rapid expansion together with its dramatic economic growth which has made the country to target the world as its market. This research discusses the role of international trade in Chinas economic growth. It starts wi
3、th a review of conceptions as well as the evolution of Chinas international trade regime and the policy that China has taken in favor of trade sectors. In addition, Chinas international trade performance is analyzed extensively. This research then evaluates the effects of international trade on Chin
4、as economic growth through examining improvement in productivity. Both econometric and non-parametric approaches are applied based on a 6-year balanced panel data of 31 provinces of China from 2002 to 2007. For the econometric approach, a stochastic frontier production function is estimated and prov
5、ince specific determinants of inefficiency in trade identified. For the non-parametric approach, the Divisia index of each province/region is calculated to be used as the benchmark. The study demonstrates that increasing participation in the global trade helps China reap the static and dynamic benef
6、its, stimulating rapid national economic growth Both international trade volume and trade structure towards high-tech exports result in positive effects on Chinas regional productivity. The eastern region of China has been developing most rapidly while the central and western provinces have been lag
7、ging behind in terms of both economic growth and participation in international trade. Policy implications are drawn from the empirical results accordingly. 1. Introduction Chinas international trade has experienced rapid expansion together with its dramatic economic growth which has made the countr
8、y target the world as its market. The stable political system, vast natural resources and abundant skilled labor in China have made it a modern global factory. Discussions of the role that international trade plays in promoting economic growth and productivity in particular, have been ongoing since
9、several decades ago.A core finding from the comprehensive literature shows that internationally active countries tend to be more productive than countries which only produce for the domestic market. Due to liberalization and globalization,a countrys economy has become much more closely associated wi
10、th external factors such as openness. Thus, conducting a study on the effects of international trade on economic growth is of great significance in this globalized era.It helps policymakers map out appropriate policies by determining the source of productivity growth with respect to international tr
11、ade. Since the initiation of economic reforms and the adoption of the open door policy, international trade and Chinas economy have experienced dramatic growth. Chinas integration into the global economy has largely contributed to its sustained economic growth. Some of the industries with comparativ
12、e advantages began to acquire a high level of specialization, and China has achieved a high growth rate of GDP, as well as an enormous inflow of hard currency and increase in employment. Additionally, Chinas participation in international trade has also contributed to improvement in productivity of
13、domestic industries and advancement of technology. On one hand, large imports of machinery goods in the early 1990s had an immediate impact on productivity through the application of technology embodied in them. On the other hand, the level of science and technology in China increased dramatically d
14、ue to the effect of “learning by doing.” Therefore, research on how international trade contributed to Chinas economic growth can serve as a distinguishing case study demonstrating how a latecomer catches up with forerunners by increasing its participation on the global stage. This research starts w
15、ith literature review from the perspective of international trade effect on economic growth in part 2. In part 3, the theoretical model and estimation procedures of this research are discussed respectively. Both econometric and non-parametric approaches are applied in this research. The data and var
16、iables used in this research are explained in part 4. The characteristics of a 6-year balanced panel data of 31 provinces/regions of China from 2002 to 2007 are discussed, followed by the analysis of each variable in the model. Part 5 presents empirical results according to the model constructed in
17、this research by offering an in-depth explanation of each coefficient and comparison with the previous pieces of research. In part 6 and 7, policy implications and the main conclusion are drawn respectively. 2. Literature Review Empirically, there appears to be good evidence that international trade
18、 affects economic growth positively by facilitating capital accumulation, industrial structure upgrading, technological progress and institutional advancement. Specifically, increased imports of capital and intermediate products, which are not available in the domestic market, may result in the rise
19、 in productivity of manufacturing. More active participation in the international market by promoting exports leads to more intense competition and improvement in terms of productivity. Learning-by-doing may be more rapid in export industry thanks to the knowledge and technology spillover effects. I
20、n addition, the benefits of international trade are mainly generated from the external environment, appropriate trade strategy and structure of trade patterns.There are comprehensive empirical studies on the impact of trade on economic growth. Before the 1960s, research on trade effects was limited
21、to a few specific countries. With the development of econometrics, however, many complicated methods based on a mathematical model were introduced to analyze the interactive impact between trade and economic growth. So far, the discussions in this area have been generally divided into two categories
22、. One focuses on the causality relationship between international trade and economic growth to examine whether economic growth is propelled by international trade or vice versa. The other mainly discusses the contribution of foreign trade to economic growth. The OECD conducted a study on the impact
23、that trade had on the average income per population. According to the result, the elasticity of international trade was 0.2, which was statistically significant.Maizels discussed the positive relationship between international trade and economic development by a rank correlation analysis among 7 developed countries. Kavoussi (1984), after studying 73 middle and low-income developing countries, found out that higher rates of economic growth was strongly correlated with higher rates of export growth. He showed that the positive correlation between exports and growth holds for both middle- and
