1、 本科毕业设计（论文）外文翻译 学生姓名： 学 号： 专业班级： 指导教师： 本科毕业设计（论文）外文翻译 1 英文资料 Multi-phase Flow Analysis in Oil and Gas Engineering Systems and its Modelling Two-phase flow is very common in industrial processes and its applications were already in use in ages as remote as the era of Archimedes. At the present time,
2、many industrial processes rely on multi-phase phenomena for the transport of energy and mass or for material processing. During the last century, the nuclear, chemical and petroleum industries propelled intense research activity on the area. Their efforts have been aimed at the demystification of th
3、e mechanisms taking place during this complex flow situation. In the petroleum industry, two-phase flow can be found in a variety of situations. The three more common working fluids (oil, natural gas and water) can have four different two-phase flow permutations: gasliquid, liquidliquid, solidliquid
4、 and solidgas flows. A solid phase can be incorporated to the flow either from the reservoir itself (due to either drilling activities or sand formation during production) or from the formation of complex solid structures due to the prevailing production conditions (e.g. hydrates in natural gas flow
5、 or waxes and asphaltenes in oil flow). Oil and natural gas transportation typically deals with a gasliquid system of flow. Due to the deformable nature of fluids, the simultaneous flow of gas and liquid in a pipe represents a very complex process. As a consequence of their deformable nature, gas an
6、d liquid may adopt a wide variety of spatial configurations, usually referred to as flow patterns. Multi-phase flow phenomena can be found in a wide range of length scales of interest. Therefore, the most suitable approach to study multi-phase flows will largely depend on the length scale of interes
7、t. Typically, in the petroleum 本科毕业设计（论文）外文翻译 2 industry, attention is given to large-scale phenomena in multi-phase flows, as no detailed flow behaviour is needed for routine design and operation. For instance, in pipeline networks we are interested only in the pressure drop and liquid hold-up. Oth
8、er than the effect of the local flow pattern variables, detailed flow phenomena are not important. However, small-scale studies of multi-phase flows are very important because large-scale phenomena are controlled by small-scale physics. For instance, the transition from one flow pattern to another i
9、s driven by local small-scale phenomena. One of the most important problems to be addressed by the scientific community is the development of an improved understanding of transitions from one flow regime to another. This can be achieved only through small-scale studies of multi-phase flows. In addit
10、ion, for the improved understanding of the operation of process equipment such as separators in the petroleum industry, it is necessary to understand the small-scale phenomena associated with separation. 1.1 The Growth of Multi-phase Flow Modelling The development of multi-phase flow large-scale ana
11、lysis in the petroleum industry has been divided into three partially overlapping periods the empirical period, the awakening years and the modelling period1 which together encompass the second half of the past century. During the empirical period, all efforts were focused on correlating data from l
12、aboratory and field facilities in an attempt to encompass the widest range of operational conditions possible. The earliest attempt to empirically predict two-phase flow pressure drops for horizontal pipes is the well-known work of Lockhart and Martinelli. This correlation was followed by an innumerable number of new ones, which claimed to be progressively more applicable for a wider range of operational conditions. Being the first quantitative approach to two-phase flow modelling, Lockhart and
