1、附录（英文原文）： Intelligent Control via Power-line Carrier for Illumination and Air Condition in Buildings I. INTRODUCTION In recent years, as social economy grows and peoples living standard improves, requirements of commercial electricity and residential electricity have been increasing substantially. T
2、o meet electricity demands of users, it is necessary for electric power enterprises to develop power supply with new power plant constructions or extensions and PTD (power transmission and distribution) equipments. However, because of the limited petroleum energy, its price fluctuates greatly； In Ch
3、inese Taiwan, due to peoples environmental awareness and resistance, exploitation of energy resources and electric power construction are confronted with great difficulties in that it is the unshirkable responsibility for everyone to save energy. The proper electric power utilization will lead to in
4、creases of power consumption that exceeds contract capacity and electric charge. Efficient use of energy should be regarded as right energy-saving concept. According to Economic Ministry statistics, Taiwans total power consumption of residential commercial buildings accounts for 34%. Power using in
5、illumination and air condition of Taiwans old apartment is about 52%. Therefore, to achieve energy saving goals, we can improve the residential and commercial building equipment at the beginning. Although the government has controlled the power use of the new building, in Taiwan there are still more
6、 than 94% old buildings which did not consider the energy-saving. This paper aims to succeed in that the advanced metering infrastructure optimizes load operation with power line carrier and achieves the load management. Two subsystems of the hardware are composed of a maser module and two control m
7、odules. The master module consists of a signal transform circuit, an AVR microprocessor, a keyboard decode circuit, a LCD circuit, and a power line carrier circuit, which has functions of local and remote monitoring . Control modules are classified into 2 categories- air conditioning control module
8、and illumination control module. Each control module consists of a signal transform circuit, an AVR microprocessor, a keyboard circuit, a LCD circuit, and a power line carrier circuit, which has the functions of manual and automatic load control. An infrared control circuit is installed in air condi
9、tioning control module for controlling air conditioner, and a power control circuit for controlling illumination device is added to the illumination control module. These modules realize communications via power lines . The distributed management is adopted to allocate information resources to every
10、 module. The distributed form is also applied to the information system development and data store. Its main advantage is that it can satisfy the information needs of each module and meet the demand that each module controls information resource. With convenience for use and maintenance, it has the
11、biggest difference from centralization that if a module is down, other modules can still keep running and the overall system will not come to a standstill. The research result of this paper is estimated to be smoothly applied in the occasion that the load management is required to reduce electric ch
12、arge . II. METHODOLOGY A. Load Management Plan This paper makes use of distributed control model to serve the purposes of humanity and load control. Depending on highly automatic operation, it will take proper actions according to real-time and accurate data to reduce labor cost and electricity expe
13、nditure, and improve power efficiency. This system includes a master module and multiple control modules, show as Fig. 1. The master module monitors the users practical electric power utilization, and transmits signal to control modules. The control modules will adopt certain control technologies to
14、 switch off the electricity or adjust the equipments power consumption in accordance with load characteristics. Considering that users know little about the service condition of electric power, this paper will develop a system that is suitable for ordinary people to operate and there will be a LCD s
15、creen for observing the service condition of electric power. Therefore, users can know their electric power quality or change the schedule of electric power utilization accordingly. The master module, a digital meter, is used to measure the parameters including the effective values of voltage and cu
16、rrent, total power, total reactive power, etc. The module has external communication interface, which can transfer data via power line carrier, thus, wherever the control modules of the building are, once the LAN is connected, any load can be remotely monitored and controlled. Control modules are op
17、en, which receive service condition of electric power and properly controls the equipments. The working conditions of equipments are considered as judgments of control. Control modules can be divided into air conditioning control and illumination control on the basis of load characteristic. This pap
18、er controls large loads in family including air conditioners and lighting equipments. Air conditioner adopts infrared rays to exercise air conditioning control, while lighting equipments are for illumination control. With rapid development of technology, load control will be more compact and reliabl
19、e； whose hardware will complete a monitoring system in cooperation with automatic meter reading for communication technology is becoming more developed. B. Hardware System See Fig. 1 for hardware framework. The system of this plan includes 3 subsystems, namely master module, air conditioning control
20、 module and illumination control module. The master module can measure the real-time states, including the voltage, the current, the real power, and the reactive power, etc., which will be revealed on LCD screen. The measured data can be transmitted to control modules for further handling via power
21、line, and the control modules can control loads based on the received data. The master module consists of a signal transform circuit, an AVR microprocessor, a keyboard decode circuit, a LCD circuit, and a power line carrier circuit. It has the functions of local and remote monitoring. The signal tra
22、nsform circuit can transform the actual values of voltage and current into the available voltage level in line with analogical/logical conversion. AVR microprocessor can take samples of continuous signals, process commands of keyboard and computer, output the result to LCD and command the controller
23、s actions. The keyboard circuit commands AVR to display different parameters. The LCD circuit can reveal the measured wave and measurements and so on. The aim of power line carrier circuit is modulating the service condition of electric power to the power line carrier signal, which will be transmitt
24、ed to control modules for controlling purpose. Air conditioning control module consists of a signal transform circuit, AVR microprocessor can process the commands of keyboard, generate control commands according to master module, output results to LCD and drive infrared rays control circuit. The key
25、board circuit can command AVR to reveal different parameters, or instruct AVR to take action to infrared rays control circuit. The LCD circuit can display operation states. Infrared rays control circuit may control switch and temperature regulation of load in accordance with commands. The aim of power line
