1、1 Characteristics of Stamping and Properties of Sheet Metal Forming 1 overview Stamping is a kind of plastic forming process in which a part is produced by means of the plastic forming the material under the action of a die. Stamping is usually carried out under cold state, so it is also called stam
2、ping. Heat stamping is used only when the blank thickness is greater than 8100mm. The blank material for stamping is usually in the form of sheet or strip, and therefore it is also called sheet metal forming. Some non-metal sheets (such as plywood, mica sheet, asbestos, leather)can also be formed by
3、 stamping. Stamping is widely used in various fields of the metalworking industry, and it plays a crucial role in the industries for manufacturing automobiles, instruments, military parts and household electrical appliances, etc. The process, equipment and die are the three foundational problems tha
4、t needed to be studied in stamping. The characteristics of the sheet metal forming are as follows: (1) High material utilization (2) Capacity to produce thin-walled parts of complex shape. (3) Good interchangeability between stamping parts due to precision in shape and dimension. (4) Parts with ligh
5、tweight, high-strength and fine rigidity can be obtained. (5) High productivity, easy to operate and to realize mechanization and automatization. The manufacture of the stamping die is costly, and therefore it only fits to mass production. For the manufacture of products in small batch and rich vari
6、ety, the simple stamping die and the new equipment such as a stamping machining center, are usually adopted to meet the market demands. The materials for sheet metal stamping include mild steel, copper, aluminum, magnesium alloy and high-plasticity alloy-steel, etc. Stamping equipment includes plate
7、 shear punching press. The former shears plate into 2 strips with a definite width, which would be pressed later. The later can be used both in shearing and forming. 2 Characteristics of stamping forming There are various processes of stamping forming with different working patterns and names. But t
8、hese processes are similar to each other in plastic deformation. There are following conspicuous characteristics in stamping: （ 1） The force per unit area perpendicular to the blank surface is not large but is enough to cause the material plastic deformation. It is much less than the inner stresses
9、on the plate plane directions. In most cases stamping forming can be treated approximately as that of the plane stress state to simplify vastly the theoretical analysis and the calculation of the process parameters. （ 2） Due to the small relative thickness, the anti-instability capability of the bla
10、nk is weak under compressive stress. As a result, the stamping process is difficult to proceed successfully without using the anti-instability device (such as blank holder). Therefore the varieties of the stamping processes dominated by tensile stress are more than dominated by compressive stress. （
11、 3） During stamping forming, the inner stress of the blank is equal to or sometimes less than the yield stress of the material. In this point, the stamping is different from the bulk forming. During stamping forming, the influence of the hydrostatic pressure of the stress state in the deformation zo
12、ne to the forming limit and the deformation resistance is not so important as to the bulk forming. In some circumstances, such influence may be neglected. Even in the case when this influence should be considered, the treating method is also different from that of bulk forming. （ 4） In stamping form
13、ing, the restrain action of the die to the blank is not severs as in the case of the bulk forming (such as die forging). In bulk forming, the constraint forming is proceeded by the die with exactly the same shape of the part. Whereas in stamping, in most cases, the blank has a certain degree of free
14、dom, only one surface of the blank contacts with the die. In some extra cases, such as the forming of the blank on the 3 deforming zone contact with the die. The deformation in these regions are caused and controlled by the die applying an external force to its adjacent area. Due to the characterist
15、ics of stamping deformation and mechanics mentioned above, the stamping technique is different form the bulk metal forming: （ 1） The importance or the strength and rigidity of the die in stamping forming is less than that in bulk forming because the blank can be formed without applying large pressur
16、e per unit area on its surface. Instead, the techniques of the simple die and the pneumatic and hydraulic forming are developed. （ 2） Due to the plane stress or simple strain state in comparison with bulk forming, more research on deformation or force and power parameters has been done. Stamping for
17、ming can be performed by more reasonable scientific methods. Based on the real time measurement and analysis on the sheet metal properties and stamping parameters, by means of computer and some modern testing apparatus, research on the intellectualized control of stamping process is also in proceedi
18、ng. （ 3） It is shown that there is a close relationship between stamping forming and raw material. The research on the properties of the stamping forming, that is, forming ability and shape stability, has become a key point in stamping technology development, but also enhances the manufacturing tech
19、nique of iron and steel industry, and provides a reliable foundation for increasing sheet metal quality. 3 Categories of stamping forming Many deformation processes can be done by stamping, the basic processes of the stamping can be divided into two kinds: cutting and forming. Cutting is a shearing
20、process that one part of the blank is cut from the other. It mainly includes blanking, punching, trimming, parting and shaving, where punching and blanking are the most widely used. Forming is a process that one part of the blank has some displacement from the other. It mainly includes deep drawing, bending, local forming, bulging, flanging, necking, sizing and spinning. In substance, stamping forming is such that the plastic deformation occurs in the
