1、MEDU First, optimize the design of the impact of construction investment 3 Second, optimizing the design of the operation of the causes of difficult 5 Three, do a good job of optimizing the design Suggestions7 目录 一、优化设计对建设投资的影响 3 二、 优化设计运作困难的成因 5 三、搞好优化设计的几点建议 7 On the optimization of design and eng
2、ineering construction investment control 论优化设计与工程建设投资控制 Investment control of construction projects are of concern to investors in each one of the important contents.On construction projects, the investment in control throughout the entire process of project construction. Investment from the current
3、 control point of view, through the project proposal and feasibility study stage to estimate the investment and project approval of the implementation of corporate accountability, investment scale has been effectively controlled, the kind of investment, as previously bottomless pit, the phenomenon o
4、f marathon project has been basically stop.he design stage through the ceiling design, the design budget estimates of the phenomenon of super-investment has been basically brought under control.The construction phase through the bidding and construction supervision of full implementation, so that in
5、vestments in the project estimate to determine a reasonable and effective control, through the cost of advisory services department and audit department of the project accounts audit settlement and the exclusion of one of the irrational part, so that the phase of investment has also been due to cont
6、rol. However, by optimizing the design of how to effectively control the investment, has not yet been extensive attention. 建设项目投资控制是每个投资者所关心的重要内容之一。就工 程项目建设而言，投资控制贯穿于项目建设的全过程。从目前的投资控制来看，通过对项目建议书和可行性研究阶段投资估算的审批和项目法人负责制的实行，投资规模得到了有效控制，象以前那种投资无底洞，工期马拉松的现象已基本杜绝。设计阶段通过限额设计，使设计概算超投资估算的现象得到了基本控制。施工阶段通过招标投标
7、和施工监理的全面推行，使工程预算投资得到了合理的确定和有效控制，通过造价咨询服务部门和审计部门对工程结算和决算的审核，剔除了其中的不合理部分，使该阶段的投资也得到了应有的控制。但如何通过优化设计来有效控制投资 ，尚 未得到广泛重视。 First, optimize the design of the impact of construction investment 一、优化设计对建设投资的影响 1.Design a direct impact on investment 1.设计方案直接影响投资 Construction process including project decision-
8、making, project design and implementation of the project three major stages. Investment in control of the key decision-making and the design stage, and make investment decisions in the project, its key is the design. According to the research analysis, design fee, generally speaking, only the equiva
9、lent of construction project life-cycle cost of 1% or less, but it is this less than 1% of the cost of investment is as high as 75% more than single project design, its architecture and structure of the program the selection and choice of building materials have a greater impact on investment, such
10、as building programs in the layout for the gallery-style inside or outside the gallery-style, into the deep with room identification, vertical forms of selection, layer identification of high-and low-rise , choose the type of foundation, structural forms of selection are the existence of techno-econ
11、omic analysis problem. According to statistics, in the same functionality to meet the conditions, technical and economic rational design, can reduce the project cost 5% 10% or even up to 10% 20%, such as a radio factory plant multi-storey frame structure (4 layers) design unit in accordance with con
12、ventional design as an independent foundation, because of the larger multi-storey factory loads, with the result that independent of the basic monomer of a larger size, deeper depth (-3.2m), after analysis by other designers such as the use of strip foundation under column can save a lot of concrete
13、 and reduces the depth of reduction of earth excavation, compared with savings of more than 20 million investment； a two functions, structure, size, basic forms are similar to the integrated floor, due to consider introducing one of a Noodles effect set up a number of decorative columns and decorati
14、ve lines, with the result that the part of the cost difference of more than 10 million, really are described by a line flower million investment disturbance. 工程建设过程包括项目决策、项目设计和项目实施三大阶段。进行投资控制的关键在于决策和设计阶段，而在项目作出投资决策后，其关键就在于设计。据研究分析，设计费一般只相当于建设工程全寿命费用的 1%以下，但正是这少于 1%的费用对投资的影响却高达 75%以上，单项工程设计中，其建筑和结构方案
15、的选择及建筑材料的选用对投资又有较大影响，如建筑方案中的平面布置为内廊式还是外廊式、进深与开间的确定、立面形式的选择、层高与层数的确定、基础类型选用、结构形式选择等都存在着技术经济分析问题。据统计，在满足同样 功能的条件下，技术经济合 理的设计，可降低工程造价 5% 10%，甚至可达 10% 20%，如某无线电厂的多层框架结构厂房 (4 层 )，设计单位按常规设计为独立基础，由于多层厂房荷载较大，致使独立基础的单体尺寸较大，埋深较深 (-3.2m)，事后经其他设计人员分析如采用 柱下条基，可节约大量的砼，并可降低埋深减少土方开挖，相比可节约投资 20 多万元；某两幢功能、结构、面积、基础形式均
16、相近的综合楼，其中一幢因考虑立面效果设置了多处装饰柱及装饰线条，致使该部分费用相差 10 多万元，真可谓是笔下一条线，投资花万千扰。 2. Designed indirectly affect the quality of investment 2.设计质量间接影响投资 According to statistics, the quality of the project at the many reasons for the accident, the design of the majority accounted for 40.1% duty, ranking first.Many bu
17、ilding products because of the lack of optimum design, and feature set appears unreasonable, the impact of normal use； some design drawings of poor quality, professional design contradictions between, resulting in rework construction, lay-off phenomenon, and some caused by quality defects and securi
18、ty hidden dangers to the country and the people brought about huge losses, resulting in significant investment spending.Shocked the countrys Ningbo Bridge accident in this area is a typical example. 据统计，在工程质量事故的众多原因中，设计责任多数占 40.1%，居第一位。不少建筑产品由于缺乏优化设计，而出现功能设置不合理，影响正常使用；有的设计图纸质量差，专业设计之间相互 矛盾，造成施工返工、停工的现象，有的造成质量缺陷和安全隐患，
