1、 Single-chip 1. The definition of a single-chip Single-chip is an integrated on a single chip a complete computer system .Even though most of his features in a small chip， but it has a need to complete the majority of computer components： CPU，memory， internal and external bus system， most will have
2、the Core.At the same time， such as integrated communication interfaces， timers， real-time clock and other peripheral equipment.And now the most powerful single-chip microcomputer system can even voice ， image， networking， input and output complex system integration on a single chip. Also known as si
3、ngle-chip MCU（ Microcontroller）， because it was first used in the field of industrial control.Only by the single-chip CPU chip developed from the dedicated processor. The design concept is the first by a large number of peripherals and CPU in a single chip， the computer system so that smaller， more
4、easily integrated into the complex and demanding on the volume control devices.INTEL the Z80 is one of the first design in accordance with the idea of the processor， From then on， the MCU and the development of a dedicated processor parted ways. Early single-chip 8-bit or all the four.One of the mos
5、t successful is INTELs 8031， because the performance of a simple and reliable access to a lot of good praise.Since then in 8031to develop a single-chip microcomputer system MCS51 series.based on single-chip microcomputer system of the system is still widely used until now.As the field of industrial
6、control requirements increase in the beginning of a 16-bit single-chip， but not ideal because the price has not been very widely used.After the90s with the big consumer electronics product development， single-chip technology is a huge improvement.INTEL i960 series with subsequent ARM in particular ，
7、 a broad range of application，quickly replaced by 32-bit single-chip 16-bit single-chip performance has been the rapid increase in processing power compared to the 80s to raise a few hundred times.At present， the high-end 32-bit single-chip frequency over 300MHz， the performance of the mid-90s close
8、 on the heels of a special processor， while the ordinary price of the model dropped to one U.S dollars， the most high-end models，only 10 U.S dollars.Contemporary single-chip microcomputer system is no longer only the bare-metal environment in the development and use of a large number of dedicated em
9、bedded operating system is widely used in the full range of single-chip microcomputer.In PDAs and cellphones as the core processing of high-end single-chip or even a dedicated direct access to Windows and Linux operating systems. More than a dedicated single-chip processor suitable for embedded syst
10、ems， so it was up to the application.In fact the number of single-chip is the worlds largest computer.Modern human life used in almost every piece of electronic and mechanical products will have a single-chip integration.Phone，telephone， calculator， home applicances， electronic toys， handheld comput
11、ers and computer accessories such as a mouse in the Department are equipped with 1-2 single chip.And personal computers also have a large number of single-chip microcomputer in the workplace.Vehicles equipped with more than 40 Department of the general single-chip ， complex industrial control system
12、s and even single-chip may have hundreds of work at the same time!SCM is not only far exceeds the number of PC and other integrated computing,even more than the number of human beings. 2. single-chip introduced Single-chip,also known as single-chip microcontroller,it is not the completion of a logic
13、 function of the chip,but a computer system integrated into a chip.Speaking in general terms: a single chip has become a computer .Its small size,light weight,cheap,for the learning,application and development of facilities provided .At the same time,learning to use the principle of single-chip comp
14、uter to understand and structure the best choice. Single-chip and computer use is also similar to the module,such as CPU,memory,parallel bus, as well as the role and the same hard memory,is it different from the performance of these components are relatively weak in our home computer a lot,but the p
15、rice is low ,there is generally no more than 10yuan,can use it to make some control for a class of electrical work is not very complex is sufficient.We are using automatic drum washing machines, smoke hood,VCD and so on inside the home appliances can see its shadow! It is mainly as part of the core
16、components of the control. It is an online real-time control computer,control-line is at the scene,we need to have a stronger anti-interference ability,low cost,and this is off-line computer(such as home PC)The main difference. By single-chip process,and can be amended.Through different procedures t
17、o achieve different functions,in particular the special unique features,this is the need to charge other devices can do a great effort,some of it is also difficult to make great efforts to do so .A function is not very complicated fi the United States the development of the 50s series of 74 or 60 du
18、ring the CD4000series to get these pure hardware,the circuit must be a big PCB board !However,if the United States if the successful 70s series of single-chip market ,the result will be different!Simply because the adoption of single-chip preparation process you can achieve high intelligence,high ef
19、ficiency and high reliability! Because of cost of single-chip is sensitive,so the dominant software or the lowest level assembly language,which is in addition to the lowest level for more than binary machine code of the language ,since such a low-level so why should we use ?Many of the seniors langu
20、age has reached a level of visual programming why is it not in use ?The reason is simple ,that is,single-chip computer as there is no home of CPU,also not as hard as the mass storage device.A visualization of small high-level language program,even if there is only one button which will reach the siz
21、e of dozens of K! For the home PCs hard drive is nothing,but in terms of the single-chip microcomputer is unacceptable.Single-chip in the utilization of hardware resources have to do very high ,so the compilation of the original while still in heavy use .The same token ,if the computer giants operat
22、ing system and appplications run up to get the home PC,homePCcan not afford to sustain the same. It can be said that the twentieth century across the three “power”of the times,that is ,the electrical era,the electronic age and has now entered the computer age. However ,such a computer,usually refers
23、 to a personal computer,or PC.It consisits of the host ,keyboards,displays .And other components.There is also a type of computer,not how most people are familiar with . This computer is smart to give a variety of mechanical single-chip(also known as micro-controller).As the name suggests,these comp
24、uter systems use only the minimum of an integrated circuit to make a simple calculation and control. Because of its small size,are usually charged with possession of machine in the “belly”in. It in the device,like the human mind plays a role, it is wrong,the entire device was paralyzed .Now,this sin
25、gle chip has a very wide field of use,such as smart meters,real-time industrial control,communications equipment,navigation systems,and household appliances. Once a variety of products with the use of the single-chip ,will be able to play so that the effectiveness of product upgrading,product names
26、often adjective before the word “intelligent”,such as washing machines and so intelligent.At present,some technical personnel of factories or other amateur electrtonics developers from engaging in certain products ,not the circuit is too complex ,that is functional and easy to be too simple imitation.The reason may be the product not on the cards or the use of single-chip programmable logic device on the other. 3.single-chip history single-chip 70 was born in the late 20th century,experienced a SCM,MCU,SOC three stages.
