1、附 录 Numerical control system development brief history andtendency In 1946 was born in the world the first electronic accounting machine,this indicated the humanity created has been possible to strengthenand partially to replace the mental labor the tool. It with thehumanity these which in the agric
2、ulture, the industry society createdonly is strengthens the physical labor the tool to compare, got up thequantitive leap, entered the information society for the humanity tolay the foundation. After 6 years, namely in 1952, the computer technology applied on theengine bed, were born the first numer
3、ical control engine bed in US.From this time on, the traditional engine bed has had the archerytarget change. Since nearly half century, the numerical control systemhas experienced two stages and six generation of development. The early computer operating speed is low, was not big to then sciencecom
4、putation and the data processing influence, but could not adapt theengine bed real-time control request. The people can not but usenumeral logic circuit Builds Becomes an engine bedspecial purpose computer to take the numerical control system, iscalled the hardware connection numerical control (HARD
5、-WIRED NC), iscalled for the numerical control (NC). Along with the primary devicedevelopment, this stage has had been through repeatedly threegenerations, namely 1952 first generation of - electron tube； 1959second-generation - transistor； 1965 third generation - small scaleintegration electric cir
6、cuit. To 1970, the general minicomputer already appeared and the massproduction. Thereupon transplants it takes the numerical controlsystem the core part, from this time on entered the computer numericalcontrol (CNC) the stage ( which should have the computer in frontof； General Two characters have
7、abbreviated). To 1971, AmericanINTEL Corporation in the world first time the computer two most corespart - logic units and the controller, used the large scaleintegrated circuit technology integration on together the chip, calledit the microprocessor (MICROPROCESSOR), also might be called thecentral
8、 processing element (to be called CPU). The microprocessor is applied to 1974 to the numerical control system.This is because minicomputer function too strong, controlled an enginebed ability to have wealthily (therefore once uses in to control manyengine beds at that time, called it group control),
9、 was inferior toused the microprocessor economy to be reasonable. Moreover then smallmachine reliability was not ideal. The early microprocessor speed andthe function although insufficiently are also high, but may solvethrough the multi-processor structure. Because the microprocessor isthe general-p
10、urpose calculator core part, therefore still was calledthe computer numerical control. To in 1990, PC machine (personal computer, domestic custom had calledmicrocomputer) the performance has developed the very high stage, maysatisfiedly take the numerical control system core part the request.The num
11、erical control system henceforth entered based on the PC stage. In brief, the computer numerical control stage has also experiencedthree generations. Namely 1970 fourth generation of - minicomputer；1974 fifth generation of - microprocessor and 1990 sixth generation- (overseas was called PC-BASED) ba
12、sed on PC. Also had to point out, although overseas already renamed as thecomputer numerical control (namely CNC), but our country still thecustom called the numerical control (NC). Therefore we daily say Numerical control In the essence already refers to Computer numerical control . The numerical c
13、ontrol future will develop tendency 1、 open style continues to, to develop based on the PC sixthgeneration of direction Open, the low cost, redundant reliable, the software andhardware resources has which based on PC is rich and so on thecharacteristic, the more numerical controls serial production
14、factorycan step onto this path. At least uses PC machine to take its frontend machine, processes question and so on man-machine contact surface,programming, networking correspondence, undertakes the numericalcontrol duty by the original system. PC machine has the friendlyman-machine contact surface,
15、 will popularize to all numerical controlssystem. The long-distance communication, the long-distance diagnosisand the service will be more common. 2. approaches high speed and the high accuracy development This is adapts the engine bed to be high speed and the highaccuracy direction need to develop.
16、 3. develops to the intellectualized direction Along with the artificial intelligence in the computer domainunceasing seepage and the development, the numerical control systemintellectualized degree unceasingly will enhance. (1) applies the adaptive control technology The numerical control system ca
17、n examine in the process someimportant information, and the automatic control system relatedparameter, achieves the improvement system running status the goal. (2) introduces the expert system instruction processing The skilled worker and experts experience, the processinggeneral rule and the specia
18、l rule store in the system, take the craftparameter database as the strut, the establishment has the artificialintelligence the expert system. (3) introduces the breakdown to diagnose the expert system (4) intellectualized numeral servo drive May through the automatic diagnosis load, but the automat
19、iccontrol parameter, causes the actuation system to obtain the bestmovement. Second, to our country numerical control technology and its industrialdevelopment basic estimate Our country numerical control technology start in 1958, the near 50year development course approximately might divide into 3 s
20、tages:First stage from 1958 to 1979, namely enclosed type development phase.In this stage, as a result of the overseas technical blockade and ourcountry foundation condition limit, the numerical control technologydevelopment is slow. The second stage is in the country 65, 75 theperiod as well as 85
21、the earlier period, namely the introductiontechnology, the digestion absorption, initially establishes thedomestic product system stage. In this stage, as a result of reformand open policy and the national value, as well as the researchdevelopment environment and the international environment improvement,our country numerical control technology research, the development
