1、外文文献翻译二： Causes and Countermeasures of Green Trade Barrier Economic Survey 2009,(11) GaoXiaoLing Abstract: The green trade barriers is the chronic problem of Chinas export enterprises, to our country caused great economic losses to our country in international trade at a very bad position. Its cause
2、s are mainly environmental issues of globalization, the rise of new trade protectionism and national technical level, differences in economic strength. The solution to this problem the most effective way is the enterprise of a green marketing strategy. In the process of economic globalization, trade
3、 and closer ties between the global environment, and a major impact on world economic development. States have introduced a variety of environmental protection laws, regulatory measures, however, these measures have resulted in a de facto trade barriers in developing countries from developed countri
4、es and even the challenges, so that our country in international trade at a very bad position. According to statistics, join the WTO, the impact of green barriers by the year 2002 only the loss of Chinas export trade volume of up to about 170 billion U.S. dollars. Green trade barriers on our exports
5、, market size and export trade, export growth, foreign trade and export sectors (agriculture, food, machinery and electronic products, textile and apparel products, medicines, etc.), export volume, export costs, the effectiveness of exports and so on have been produced varying degrees of impact, and
6、 even the credibility of Chinas export enterprises and commodities, etc. are all adversely affected, leading to some of the products of foreign consumer confidence in Chinas decline on Chinas exports have long-term adverse effects. 1. Analysis of the formation of the green trade barriers First of al
7、l, the globalization of environmental problems is the external reason for the formation of the green trade barriers. Environmentally sustainable development path chosen by triggered a worldwide environmental movement, it is in environmental issues against the backdrop of globalization, countries of
8、the world through participation in international conventions, international environmental organizations, aimed at protecting the natural resources, ecological environment and human health, environmental systems and standards. These systems and standards embodied in the trade, that is, from other cou
9、ntries, products and services to set up green barriers to restrict imports, thereby creating a de facto barriers. Second, the rise of new trade protectionism is the root cause of the green trade barriers. WTO trade protectionism did not make disappear, but increased competition forced the government
10、s to reduce the level of protection in the tariff means the case, to find more effective non-tariff barriers to protect domestic markets and industries. Green barriers reasonable, legitimate and extensive features make it the preferred means of trade protectionism. Developing countries facing a hard
11、 choice: either to withdraw from the developed country markets, or followed by the developed countries, production and national economic strength is not consistent with the high input, high-tech green products. But in any case, developing countries have to pay a heavy price. From both the developed
12、countries to protect domestic industries, has become a standard setter. This is the green barrier as a new form of protectionism in international trade to the rapid development of the fundamental reason. Third, the national technical level, differences in economic strength is green trade barriers ob
13、jective reasons. Although people have recognized the concept of sustainable development, but they differ on how to achieve. Developed countries due to economic development level and high level of environmental protection technology, its environmental requirements and standards is also high. In devel
14、oping countries due to financial and technical constraints, simply can not meet the environmental requirements in developed countries. This is the objective, causing the green barriers. As world commodity with a wide range of production processes and standards varied, the development of uniform glob
15、al environmental standards is extremely difficult Luoguo based on national interest considerations have to set their own environmental standards, resulting in vastly different green certification and implementation of the system and indirectly caused his countrys products discrimination, the formati
16、on of a new green barriers. 2. in order to respond to green marketing, green trade barrier Developing countries should get rid of the dilemma of the situation as described above must be produced that meet environmental standards, and to achieve corporate profitability products. In my opinion, enterp
17、rises green marketing strategy is the most effective approach. Green marketing refers to the promotion of sustainable development as the goal for the realization of economic benefits, consumer demand and environmental benefits of a unified, enterprise based on scientific and normative principles, th
18、rough purposeful and planned to develop products and with other market players the exchange value of their products to meet market demand as a management process. Enterprises to implement green marketing strategies can not only make our products meet environmental standards, and by implementing gree
19、n marketing idea can be realized cost reduction or increase value-added products in order to achieve profits. Specifically, companies must grasp the following aspects: （ 1） A development of green products: By implementing green marketing ideas to reduce business costs Green marketing should be built
20、 on green production basis. Green Product refers to the production, use and disposal of environmentally friendly or endanger small conducive to recycling, and recycling products. Green production related to green product design, green materials, the use and the use of green packaging, and several ot
21、her elements. In the green design, while ensuring quality of products under the premise firmly grasp the theme of the green, taking full account of products in the manufacture, sale, use and end of life issues such as post-recycling. Designed for use with a reusable, renewable, biodegradable and eas
22、y handling characteristics of the green material； attention to minimize the types of materials to increase their likelihood of re-use, and to simplify the follow-up treatment, reduce waste and reduce raw material consumption. This will not only be able to achieve the environmental objectives but can also reduce costs, improve product value, thereby improving economic efficiency； the same time, pay attention to the use of green packaging. Green packaging is conserving resources, reducing waste,
