1、中文1330字外文翻译一： Technical trade barriers could sour China ties Contenmporary Economic Research 2004,(05) WUZhen With the international society for environmental protection of the people environmental protection consciousness wide attention and the unceasing enhancement, the west Many count
2、ries use the party, in this era of international trade transactions of a new kind of non-tariff measures - green trade barriers, to limit the other countries to get their products into the best interests of foreign trade. The green trade barriers is a double-edged sword, for China's economy and
3、the development of environmental protection industry, challenging has opportunity. Therefore, our country should be in opposition to high levels of environmental standards, at the same time, and to adapt to the international trend of environmental protection, and adopt feasible measures to promote t
4、he sustainable development of China's foreign trade. Chinese ties China announced a trade surplus of US$26.9bn for June, a record not just in China, but worldwide. Exports grew by 27.1% year on year, to US$103.3bn, while，import growth fell to 14.2%. The lood of Chinese goods on world markets is
5、credited with having suppressed inflationary pressures in the global economy. At the local level, however, governments have come under strengthening pressure from domestic business sectors to halt the flow of goods that erode their profit margins and, in extreme cases, threaten their survival.Howeve
6、r, governments are sharply constrained in their choice of responses. As a member of the WTO, China is protected from the most direct methods for restricting trade flows: import tariffs and trade quotas. Alternatives such as persuading China to adopt self-imposed export restraints or higher exp
7、ort taxes are unlikely to prosper. This is partly because the government in Beijing has shown itself capable of resisting international moral suasion. But it is also because the central government is not always able to implement coherent policy that achieves specific aims without causing problems el
8、sewhere.For instance, the announcement last monththat export-tax rebates would be reduced on arangeofproducts starting on July 1at mayhave contributed to the June surplus byencouraging exporters to beat the rush.Restrictions imposed on some productclassifications have seen manufacturers tweaktheir p
9、roduction to put their products in a newand unrestricted category.The government also lacks clout when it comes to making centrally-imposed regulations stick in the regions, where political and business interests are often closely aligned. barriers influence The only option remaining to govern
10、ments seeking to slow the tide of imports is using non-tariff barriers such as technical and safety standards. Like tariffs and quotas, these are regulated by the WTO, but the rules allow national governments much greater leeway in their use, as long as they match the standards applied to domestic p
11、roducers and are applied equally in all foreign countries.As a result, the number of objections to Chinese imports on safety, phytosanitary or technical grounds is likely to increase sharply over the coming years. The need for such measures is also likely to become a central dispute between domestic
12、 actors in affected economies, with producers for home markets lobbying against importers. As Chinas economic and geopolitical emergence proceeds, there will also be growing popular pressure on politicians to defend national interests. If the recent growth phase in the worlds leading economies
13、 moderates sharply or is reversed, pressure to protect domestic jobs will also intensify. In both circumstances, barriers to trade will offer politicians a convenient weapon.The protectionists will find their argument strengthened by Chinas own record on quality and health standards； shortcomi
14、ngs in this area have been brought increasingly to the fore recently, both at home and abroad. Dodgy solution As the latest trade figures show, attempts to slow the Chinese juggernaut imposed both from within and without have had little impact, and the same is likely to be true of non-tariff b
15、arriers. These may act to slow imports at the margins, but growth in Chinas low-cost manufacturing base and the slow pace of revaluation of the currency mean that the flood of Chinese goods onto world markets is unlikely to be stemmed. However, rising antagonism in dealings between the major e
16、conomies and China over trade has implications in other areas. The tenor of relations between China and the leading powers it appears destined to join will help to define the character of the new global power structure. A China that feels victimised, resented and misrepresented will be more de
17、fensive and less likely to engage in global affairs in a cooperative way. Elsewhere, satisfying domestic lobbies threatened by Chinas rise could encourage protectionist leanings more broadly, helping to sour the global trade negotiating process and denying the global economy the benefits of freer tr
18、ade. Neither is China defenceless against an onslaught of technical barriers to trade； China has a long history of imposing retaliatory (and in some cases vastly disproportionate) phytosanitary and safety sanctions on countries that seek to obstruct its trade. When, in 2005,South Korea cited h
19、ealth concerns to ban the sale of Chinese Kimchi, a traditional Korean dish imbued with semi-magical properties, China retaliated by threatening imports of cars and mobile phones from Korea. Japan and the US have also been subject to a number of such measures.
