1、 1 计算机专业毕业论文中英对照翻译 Understanding Web Addresses You can think of the World Wide Web as a network of electronic files stored on computers all around the world. Hypertext links these resources together. Uniform Resource Locators or URLs are the addresses used to locate these files. The information cont
2、ained in a URL gives you the ability to jump from one web page to another with just a click of your mouse. When you type a URL into your browser or click on a hypertext link, your browser is sending a request to a remote computer to download a file. What does a typical URL look like? Here are some e
3、xamples: http:/ The home page for study English. ftp:/rtfm.mit.edu/pub/ A directory of files at MIT available for downloading. news:rec.gardens.roses A newsgroup on rose gardening. The first part of a URL (before the two slashes* tells you the type of resource or method of access at that address. Fo
4、r example: http - a hypertext document or directory gopher - a gopher document or menu ftp - a file available for downloading or a directory of such files news - a newsgroup telnet - a computer system that you can log into over the Internet WAIS - a database or document in a Wide Area Information Se
5、arch database file - a file located on a local drive (your hard drive) The second part is typically the address of the computer where the data or 2 service is located. Additional parts may specify the names of files, the port to connect to, or the text to search for in a database. You can enter the
6、URL of a site by typing it into the Location bar of your web browser, just under the toolbar. Most browsers record URLs that you want to use again, by adding them to a special menu. In Netscape Navigator, its called Bookmarks. In Microsoft Explorer, its called Favorites. Once you add a URL to your l
7、ist, you can return to that web page simply by clicking on the name in your list, instead of retyping the entire URL. Most of the URLs you will be using start with http which stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol*. http is the method by which HTML files are transferred over the Web. Here are some o
8、ther important things to know about URLs: A URL usually has no spaces. A URL always uses forward slashes (/). If you enter a URL incorrectly, your browser will not be able to locate the site or resource you want. Should you get an error message or the wrong site, make sure you typed the address corr
9、ectly. You can find the URL behind any link by passing your mouse cursor over the link. The pointer will turn into a hand and the URL will appear in the browsers status bar, usually located at the bottom of your screen. Decoding Error Messages As you surf the Net, you will undoubtedly find that at t
10、imes you cant access certain websites. Why, you make wonder? Error messages attempt to explain the reason. Unfortunately, these cryptic* messages baffle* most people. Weve deciphered* the most common ones you may encounter. 400 - Bad Request Problem: Theres something wrong with the address you enter
11、ed. You may not be authorized* to access the web page, or maybe it no longer exists. Solution: Check the address carefully, especially if the address is long. Make sure that the slashes are correct (they should be forward slashes) and that all the names are properly spelled. Web addresses are case s
12、ensitive, so check that the 3 names are capitalized in your entry as they are in the original reference to the website. 401 - Unauthorized Problem: You cant access a website, because youre not on the guest list, your password is invalid or you have entered your password incorrectly. Solution: If you
13、 think you have authorization, try typing your password again. Remember that passwords are case sensitive. 403 - Forbidden Problem: Essentially the same as a 401. Solution: Try entering your password again or move on to another site. 404 - Not Found Problem: Either the web page no longer exists on t
14、he server or it is nowhere to be found. Solution: Check the address carefully and try entering it again. You might also see if the site has a search engine and if so, use it to hunt for the document. (Its not uncommon for pages to change their addresses when a website is redesigned.) To get to the h
15、ome page of the site, delete everything after the domain name and hit the Enter or Return key. 503 - Service unavailable Problem: Your Internet service provider (ISP) or your companys Internet connection may be down. Solution: Take a stretch, wait a few minutes and try again. If you still have no lu
16、ck, phone your ISP or system administrator. Bad file request Problem: Your web browser may not be able to decipher the online form you want to access. There may also be a technical error in the form. Solution: Consider sending a message to the sites webmaster, providing any technical information you
17、 can, such as the browser and version you use. Connection refused by host Problem: You dont have permission to access the page or your password is incorrect. Solution: Try typing your password again if you think you should have access. Failed DNS lookup Problem: DNS stands for the Domain Name System
18、, which is the system that looks up the name of a website, finds a corresponding number (similar to a phone number), then directs your request to the appropriate web server on the Internet. When the lookup fails, the host server cant be located. Solution: Try clicking on the Reload or Refresh button on your browser toolbar. If this doesnt work, check the address and enter it again. If all else fails, try again later. File contains no data Problem: The site has no web pages on it. Solution: Check the address and enter it again. If you get the same error
