1、 1 本科毕业设计 外文文献及 译文 文献、资料题目： The fire safety design of apartment buildings 文献、资料来源： 著作 文献、资料出版日期： 2001 院 （部）： 市政与环境工程学院 专 业： 给水排水工程 班 级： 姓 名： 学 号： 指导教师： 翻译日期： 2008.6 1 外文文献： THE FIRE SAFETY DESIGN OF APARTMENT BUILDINGS 13 FIRE SAFETY MATRIX The objective of this fire safety matrix is to provide a gu
2、ide for the fire engineering design of apartment buildings. The matrix is only intended for guidance and an appropriately qualified fire safety engineer should verify the final design. The three main fire scenarios that should be considered in the design of apartment buildings are: a smouldering fir
3、e in an apartment, a flaming fire in an apartment and a fire in common spaces (ie stairs and corridors). Irrespective of the building and occupant characteristics, some minimal fire safety measures should be implemented in all apartments. The following is a list of essential fire safety measures tha
4、t should be provided in all apartment buildings: Smoke detectors Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system to shut down on fire alarm A 30-minute minimum fire resistance between apartments, vertical shafts and floors. 13.1 Emergency strategy Brief descriptions of the emergency strategy
5、, or emergency plans used in the matrix are provided below. Evacuation on alarm all occupants evacuate the building. Non evacuation occupants in the room of fire origin evacuate the building. Other occupants remain in their rooms, waiting for fire brigade assistance and advice, and carry out protect
6、-in-place activities. Staged evacuation occupants in the room of fire origin and on the fire floor evacuate first. The remaining occupants are directed to evacuate automatically in the following sequence until the fire brigade intervenes. Occupants immediately above the fire floor evacuate after tho
7、se on the fire floor, followed by the floors above. Occupants on levels below the fire floor are evacuated last. Fire brigade intervention can alter the sequence of evacuation, or halt the evacuation in response to current conditions or any changes. 2 13.2 Occupants at risk For the three fire scenar
8、ios and the three emergency strategies, the following matrix outlines the occupants that are most at risk. 13.3 Matrix variables The fire safety design of apartment buildings consists of numerous variables and interdependencies. These variables have to be considered concurrently to provide the most
9、effective design. The selection of fire safety measures in many cases results in a trade-off between various alternatives. For example, sprinkler protection can permit a reduction in fire resistance rating required for buildings and may allow extended travel distances. These trade-offs and interrela
10、tionships between fire safety measures need to be considered to obtain the most efficient and effective fire safety design. Table 14 lists some of the fire safety measures that should be considered for apartment buildings. The variables presented are not a comprehensive list, and other fire safety measures may be more appropriate for more complex designs. Table 14 Matrix variables
