1、 外文资料译文 THE DEVELOPMENT OF SWITCHING POWER 1955 United States Royer (GH.Roger) invented the transistor single push-pull oscillation transformer DC-DC converter, frequency conversion control circuit to achieve the beginning of 1957, the United States Charles race (Jen Sen) invented the self-excited p
2、ush-pull double transformer, in 1964 U.S. scientists have proposed to abolish the frequency transformer switching power supply series idea, which is the power to decline in volume and weight were a fundamental way. To 1969 because of pressure to improve high-power silicon transistors, diode reverse
3、recovery time shortened components to improve, and finally made a 25 kHz switching power supply. At present, switching power supply to small, light weight and high efficiency characteristics are widely used in a variety of computer-driven devices, communications equipment, etc. Almost all the electr
4、onic equipment is the rapid development of todays electronic information industry, an indispensable Power Source. Currently on the market the use of switching power bipolar transistors made of 100kHz, 500kHz with a power MOSFET made, Although practical, its frequency needs to be improved. To improve
5、 the switching frequency, it is necessary to reduce switching losses, and to reduce switching losses, it needs high-speed switching components. However, the switching speed of the increase will be distributed by the circuit inductance and capacitance, or diode stored charge of the generated surge or
6、 noise. This will not only affect nearby electronic equipment, will greatly reduce the reliability of power supply itself. Which, with the switch to prevent Kai - closed by the voltage surge occurs, can use RC or LC buffer, while the stored charge from the diode can be used due to current surges suc
7、h as core made of amorphous magnetic buffer . However, for more than 1MHz frequency, resonant circuit to be used to make the switch voltage or current through the switch was a sine wave, this can reduce the switching losses, but also to control the occurrence of surge. This switch is called resonant
8、 switch. Current switching power supply of this very active, because this approach does not require substantial increase in switching speed can be reduced theoretically to zero switching losses and noise are small, is expected to be of a high-frequency switching power supply main ways. At present, m
9、any countries are working on a few trillion Hz, the practical application of converter. Switching power supply direction of development is high-frequency, high reliability, low power, low noise, interference and modular. Oxygen material increase scientific and technological innovation to enhance the
10、 high frequency and higher magnetic flux density (Bs) obtained a high magnetic properties, while the small capacitor is a key technology. SMT technology allows switching power supply has made considerable progress, both sides of the circuit board layout components to ensure that the switching power
11、supply of light, small, thin. High frequency switching power supply will be bound to the traditional PWM switching technology innovation, realization of ZVS, ZCS soft switching power supply switching technology has become the mainstream technology, and a substantial increase in the switching power s
12、upply efficiency. For high reliability, the U.S. manufacturer of switching power supply by reducing operating current to reduce junction temperature and other measures to reduce the stress of the device makes the improved reliability of products. Modular switching power supply is the general trend o
13、f development can be composed of modular power distributed power systems can be designed to N +1 redundant power systems, and parallel way to achieve the capacity expansion. Switching power supply noise for the big run this shortcoming, if the individual pursuit of its high-frequency noise will also
14、 increase with, while using some of the resonant converter circuit technology, in theory, but also can reduce the high frequency of the noise, but some the practical application of resonant conversion technology, there are still technical problems, it still required much work in this area in order t
15、o make the technology to practical use. With the power electronics technology development, switching power supply industry has a bright future. Switching power supply industry in China should speed up the pace of development, we must take the technical innovation, out of the Industry and Academia wi
16、th Chinese characteristics development road, as the rapid development of our national economy to contribute. 开关电源的发展 1955 年美国罗耶（ GH.Roger)发明的自激振荡推挽晶体管单变压器直流变换器，是实现高频转换控制电路的开端， 1957 年美国查赛（ Jen Sen)发明了自激式推挽双变压器， 1964 年美国科学家们提出取消工频变压器的串联开关电源的设想，这对电源向体积和重量的下降获得了一条根本的途径。到了 1969 年由于大功率硅晶体管的耐压提高，二极管反向恢复时间的
17、缩短等元器件改善，终于做成了 25 千赫的开关电源。 目前，开关电源以小型、轻量和高效率的特点被广泛应用于以电子计算机为主导的各种终端设备、通信设备等几乎所有的电子设备，是当今电子信息产业飞速发展不可缺少的一种电源方式。目前市场上出售的开关电源中采用双极性晶体管制成的 100kHz、用 MOSFET 制成的 500kHz 电源，虽已实用化，但其频率有待进一步提高。要提高开关频率，就要减少开关损耗，而要减少开关损耗，就需要有高速开关元器件。然而，开关速度提高后，会受电路中 分布电感和电容或二极管中存储电荷的影响而产生浪涌或噪声。这样，不仅会影响周围电子设备，还会大大降低电源本身的可靠性。其中，为
18、防止随开关启 -闭所发生的电压浪涌，可采用 R-C 或 L-C 缓冲器，而对由二极管存储电荷所致的电流浪涌可采用非晶态等磁芯制成的磁缓冲器。 不过，对 1MHz 以上的高频，要采用谐振电路，以使开关上的电压或通过开关的电流呈正弦波，这样既可减少开关损耗，同时也可控制浪涌的发生。这种开关方式称为谐振式开关。目前对这种开关电源的研究很活跃，因为采用这种方式不需要大幅度提高开关速度就可以在理论上把开关损耗 降到零，而且噪声也小，可望成为开关电源高频化的一种主要方式。当前，世界上许多国家都在致力于数兆 Hz 的变换器的实用化研究。 开关电源的发展方向是高频、高可靠、低耗、低噪声、抗干扰和模块化。由于开
19、关电源轻、小、薄的关键技术是高频化，因此国外各大开关电源制造商都致力于同步开发新型高智能化的元器件，特别是改善二次整流器件的损耗，并在功率铁氧体材料上加大科技创新，以提高在高频率和较大磁通密度（ Bs)下获得高的磁性能，而电容器的小型化也是一项关键技术。 SMT 技术的应用使得开关电源取得了长足的进展，在电路板两面布置元器件 ，以确保开关电源的轻、小、薄。开关电源的高频化就必然对传统的 PWM 开关技术进行创新，实现 ZVS、 ZCS的软开关技术已成为开关电源的主流技术，并大幅提高了开关电源的工作效率。对于高可靠性指标，美国的开关电源生产商通过降低运行电流，降低结温等措施以减少器件的应力，使得产品的可靠性大大提高。 模块化是开关电源发展的总体趋势，可以采用模块化电源组成分布式电源系统，可以设计成 N 1 冗余电源系统，并实现并联方式的容量扩展。针对开关电源运行噪声大这一缺点，若单独追求高频化其噪声也必将随着增大，而采用部分谐振转换电路技术， 在理论上即可实现高频化又可降低噪声，但部分谐振转换技术的实际应用仍存在着技术问题，故仍需在这一领域开展大量的工作，以使得该项技术得以实用化。 电力电子技术的不断创新，使开关电源产业有着广阔的发展前景。要加快我国开关电源产业的发展速度，就必须走技术创新之路，走出有中国
