1、Spatial Planning System of National Territory in Japan，China and Korea 日本、中国和韩国 的国土空间规划体系 Kyungrock YE, Jun-hua ZHANG, Takeshi KINOSHITA, Xing-yan WANG Abstract: This study conducted the national territory planning system of Japan, China and Korea, on a premise to discuss possibility of integrated s
2、patial planning of Eastern Asia. The purpose of this study is to arrange major spatial plans of three countries according to classification of urban and non-urban area, and to clarifying role of each spatial plan.。 文摘 :本研究是在 进行 中国 、 日本 、 韩国 的 国土规划体系 前提下 ,探讨 整个 亚洲东部的综合空间规划的可能性 。本研究的目的是 根据 城市区域和非城市 区域
3、的 分类 ， 明确 大空间计划下 三个国家 在 规划中所扮演的角色。 As a result, Korea, the smallest country among three countries, has one system on land use, development and conservation, considering whole national territory to be one city planning area, and a role and relation of each spatial plan is comparatively clear. On the
4、other hand, China, the largest country among three countries, although a role and relation of each spatial plan are clear in urban area, a general recognition for necessity of non-urban area planning is weak. In case of Japan, the characteristics that the spatial planning system is consisted on the
5、division into urban area and non-urban area, is very similar to China, and there is hardly relation between these two kinds of spatial planning. 最终 ,作为最小国家的 韩国 ,已 拥有一个针对 土地使用 、 发展与 保护的体系 ,它把 整个国家领土是一个城市规划区 考虑 ， 每个空间的规划 的 角色和关系较为清楚 。另一方面 ,作为最大 国家 的 中国 ,尽管 市区的空间规划 是 很明确，但 人们 对非城市的空间规划重视程度都非常薄弱 。在日本， 空
6、间规划系统 对 城市区域和非城市地区 的划分原则跟中国 是非常相似的 ,这两种类型的空间规划 几乎没有 必然的 关系 。 Key words: National territory plan； Japan； China； Korea； Spatial planning； Eastern Asia Community. 关键词 :国土规划 ；日本、中国、韩国、空间规划、东亚共同体。 Recently it is frequently discussed on the Eastern Asia Community. This is still mainly focused on the econo
7、my, but in environmental aspect we also have some common serious problems ,e.g.sustainable development, bio-diversity, outstanding landscape/nature conservation, balanced development of town and country, cultural assets conservation/utilization and several environmental problems. In order to settle
8、these subjects, it is important not only to challenge by each country but also to prepare a common framework for comprehensive spatial planning covering whole eastern Asia. 最近东亚共同体经常被讨论， 主要关注 仍然是 经济问题 ,但在环保方面我们也有一些常见的严重 问题 需要解决 ,如可持续发展 、 生物 多样性、优秀 景观 、自然保护 、 城乡协调发展、 文化 遗产 保护 、 环境问题 等 。 解决这些 问题 ,重要的
9、不仅 是对 每个国家的 挑战 ,而是需要 准备一个常见 的 全面覆盖整个亚洲的空间规划 的框架。 This study was done to clarify the similarities and differences of national territory planning system of Japan, China and Korea as a first step to discuss on the subjects and possibilities of comprehensive Eastern Asian spatial planning. Until now the
10、 national territory planning system of Japan and Korea have already been studied , but the comparative study between three countries including China from the viewpoint of spatial planning has never seen before. We used mainly related literatures on planning system and governments official websites o
11、f each country to clarify the purposes of this study. And we classified each countrys major spatial plans into four categories,national, regional, urban area and non- urban area, and discussed on the vertical and horizontal relation between them. 本研究之目的 ：第一步是 明确日本 、 中国和韩国 的 国土规划体系 的异同 ,讨论 综合东亚空间规划 的
12、课题和可能性 。 迄今为止 ,日本和韩国 的国土规划体系 已经进行了比较研究 阶段 ,但 从 空间规划的角度 对 三个国家 的比较研究还未进行。我们主要 在 每一个国家 的 规划系统的相关文献 、 政府的官方网站 上 阐明了本篇研究的目的。我们 按照整个大空间规划把每个国家 分为 国家、地区、城市区域和非城市区域 四类 ,讨论 垂直和水平的关系。 1 National Territory Planning System of Japan The Comprehensive National Development Act(1950), Land Use Planning Act(1974) a
13、nd City Planning Act (1968) support Japanese major spatial planning (Table 1). These are all under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Land, infrastructure and Transport. The CNDP provides tong-range visions on nation-wide land use, development and conservation, social overhead capital, and a traffi
14、c policy. According this plan, the CPDP and MLP are to be prepared. The Plans provided by Land Use Planning Act includes NLP and PLP on the perspective of effective national land use and LUMP that classified prefectural land use into five areas (town, agriculture, forest, natural park and natural co
15、nservation area). Fig. 1 shows that there are main two spatial plans by two acts at national and regional level, but the relation and a role sharing between the acts and plans.Representative plans of urban area and non-urban area are the MLP by Land Use Planning Act and the CP by City Planning Act,
16、but the relation between the two is not clear and actually the only CP plays a key role to control land use. it is clear that the Japanese national territory planning is divided into NLP and CP and the role of regional planning is relatively small. Therefore the area that is closely covered by main
17、three acts is only city planning area, the other non-urban area is depended on other related acts (Fig.1). The area classification by LUMP supports competent ministries and acts, and separate plans are applied to each area. In other words, one may say that the Japanese national territory planning stresses the urban areas plans and in non-urban areas there is
