1、本科毕业论文外文翻译 外文题目： Is there a commercially viable market for crop insurance in rural Bangladesh? 出 处： Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change (2009) 14:215229 作 者： Sonia Akter, Roy Brouwer, Saria Choudhury, Salina Aziz 原 文 Is there a commercially viable market for crop insurance in rural Bangladesh? Abstract：
2、 The study aims to assess the commercial viability of a potential crop insurance market in Bangladesh. In a large scale household survey, agricultural farm households were asked for their preferences for a hypothetical crop insurance scheme using double bounded(DB) contingent valuation (CV) method.
3、Both revenue and production cost based indemnity payment approaches were applied to assess the commercial viability of a crop insurance program assuming a partner-agent (PA) model of insurance supply. Crop insurance is found marginally commercially viable in riverine flood plain areas. The expected
4、indemnity payable consistently exceeds the expected insurance premium receivable by the insurer for the households living in wetland basin and coastal floodplain. We conclude that a uniform structure of crop insurance market does not exist in Bangladesh. The nature of the disaster risks faced by the
5、 farm households and the socioeconomic characteristics of the rural farm communities need to be taken into careful consideration while designing such an insurance scheme. Key words: Crop insurance； Commercial viability； Willingness to pay； Double bounded contingent valuation ； Bangladesh Introductio
6、n Agriculture contributes one quarter of the Bangladesh GDP and is the source of employment for more than 80% of the rural population. Weather related risk is a major source of income fluctuations for agricultural households in Bangladesh. Both coastal as well as inland farm households face natural
7、disaster risks due to its geographical location and very low land elevation. The increased volume of rainfall and other catastrophic events caused by climate change during the past decades have intensified the livelihood risk faced by agricultural farmers in this part of the world. The management of
8、 inherent and increased amount of risk associated with agricultural crop production has remained the key challenge in the poverty reduction program of Bangladesh for the past few decades. Traditionally, the management of catastrophe risks in Bangladesh agriculture has revolved around infrastructural
9、 measures such as building embankments and ex-post disaster relief measures, including increased access to post-disaster credit facilities. Following the overwhelming success of micro-credit in Bangladesh, there is a growing optimism in micro-insurance solutions to protect rural farmers from income
10、shocks resulting from catastrophic risks. The aim of the proposed disaster micro-insurance is to spread the risks of natural disasters especially for the poor counterpart of the population in order to make them better prepared to cope with increased climatic disasters such as floods, cyclones and st
11、orm surges. Whilst the use of micro-insurance to cover life and health risks is prevalent to some extent, the use of micro-insurance to hedge against natural disaster losses in rural areas of Bangladesh is still only emerging. The National Adaptation Program of Action (NAPA 2005), prepared by the Mi
12、nistry of Environment and Forests, suggests exploring options for spreading natural disaster risks by investigating the potential of crop insurance markets so that agricultural farmers are better prepared to cope with the increased risk of crop damage. Two feasibility studies, one by the Ministry of
13、 Commerce and another by the Department of Environment, are currently underway to test the feasibility of crop insurance in the most calamity prone areas of Bangladesh. Although micro-insurance is often referred to as an effective tool for reducing, sharing or spreading climate-related costs and ris
14、ks, the commercial viability of such insurance schemes has been a key challenge for poor developing economies as the transfer of losses from affected groups to the community at large is not feasible at an affordable premium rate. Although the experience and available information are too limited to r
15、each any conclusion about such schemes, overall, crop insurance has not been very successful based on standard commercial criteria throughout the world. Especially in developing countries where the poorest counterparts of the population often find themselves in a spiral of recurrent damages due to n
16、atural calamities, disaster insurance schemes fail to earn enough premium income to cover payouts as well as administrative costs. The aim of the study presented here is to assess the financial viability of a potential crop insurance market in Bangladesh, one of the poorest and most disaster prone c
17、ountries in the world. In a large scale household survey carried out at the end of 2006, 3600 riverine and coastal floodplain residents in Bangladesh were asked for their preferences for crop insurance schemes using the double bounded (DB) contingent valuation (CV) method, i.e. asking them for their
18、 willingness to pay (WTP) for crop insurance schemes to eliminate future catastrophe risks. Although application of CV to estimate crop insurance demand is fairly widespread now-a-days, such an extensive and explicit feasibility test of a potential crop insurance market in a severely natural disaste
19、r prone developing country is currently lacking. Previous studies mainly focused on estimating average WTP and in determining the factors that affect demand for crop insurance. The current study goes beyond estimation of average WTP, using the data obtained through an extensive DB CV survey, by test
20、ing a simple analytical model of long term sustainability and commercial viability outlined by Hazell. Although there are numerous relevant actuarial issues associated with an insurance design as well (e.g. premium setting, adverse selection, moral hazard), they fall outside the scope of the current
21、 study. We are primarily interested in testing potentiality of a future crop insurance market based on basic cost recovery criteria across spatially dispersed geographical areas that differ in terms of environmental risks and socio-economic characteristics. Analytical framework The analytical framework of this study is based on a simple model used by Hazell . According to Hazell , the premium collected on an insurance scheme must exceed average payouts in order to ensure the viability of the insurance contract, where average payout is modeled by summing up both administrative costs per
