1、 1 附录： 外 文资料与 中 文 翻译 外 文 资料 ： Analysis of the spontaneous combustion of coal cause of the fire, forecasting techniques and prevention measures 1 Introduction Mine fire is the major natural disasters in coal mines. Spontaneous combustion of coal is the main form of the mine fire in Chinas state-owned
2、 key coal mines, more than 56 percent of the mine there is the danger of spontaneous combustion, fires caused by spontaneous combustion of coal accounted for more than 90% of the total number of mine fires 1. In recent years, mechanized mining the top coal caving technology has been vigorously promo
3、tion and application of a substantial increase in coal production efficiency, but the caving height and large, left over from the goaf residual coal, serious air leakage, making the mine of coal spontaneous combustion to occur frequently， has become one of the main factors restricting the mine safet
4、y in production and further development 2. District of Xinjiang, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, there is still a large area of the coalfield fires, burning coal amount 1000-1360 tons per year, the economic losses of more than 20 billion yuan 3-4. Spontaneous combustion of coal produces a large number of S
5、O2, H2S, CO and CO2 gas, the serious pollution of the environment； 2 coalfield fires also caused a large area of damage to vegetation, soil desertification. 2 Spontaneous combustion of coal cause analysis Coal largely by the organic and inorganic components, the main combustible elements carbon (abo
6、ut 65% 95%), followed by hydrogen (about 1% to 2%), and containing a small amount of oxygen (about 3% to 5% , sometimes up to 25%), sulfur (about 10%), the above elements together constitute the combustible compounds, known as the combustible matter of coal. In addition, coal also contains some non-
7、combustible mineral ash (5% to 15%, also up to 50%) and water (generally between 2% to 20% change), these substances is called a inerting of coal nature. Coal by the oxygen in the air oxidation is the root cause of the spontaneous combustion of coal. Carbon, hydrogen and other elements in the coal o
8、ccurs at room temperature, the reaction of the combustible CO, CH4, and other alkanes substances. Oxidation of coal is an exothermic reaction, if the heat can not be dissipated, will enable the coal accumulation of temperature, in turn, accelerate the oxidation of coal and emit more of the combustib
9、le mass and heat. When the heat build up, the temperature rises to a certain value, will cause combustible material combustion, spontaneous combustion. Coal spontaneous combustion at the same time have the following four conditions: (1) Has a tendency of spontaneous combustion. The spontaneous 3 com
10、bustion tendency of coal is a natural property of coal, reflecting the basic conditions of the coal metamorphic grade, moisture content, ash content, sulfur content, particle size, porosity, thermal conductivity, is the spontaneous combustion of coal. Oxidation of coal at room temperature mainly dep
11、ends on the volatile content, the higher the volatile content, the stronger the tendency of spontaneous combustion, spontaneous combustion time will be shortened accordingly. According to the relationship between the degree of oxidation and ignition point of coal, raw coal sample ignition point and
12、oxidized coal samples of the ignition point of difference T to speculate that the spontaneous combustion tendency of coal. In general, coal-like fire below and T large easy to spontaneous combustion of coal； T 40 coal spontaneous combustion coal； T of 20 coal (lignite and long-flame coal) is not eas
13、y from coal-fired. It can be seen from Table 1, from lignite to anthracite, the ignition point is getting higher and higher, the spontaneous combustion tendency is more and more weak. (2) Oxygen conditions. The coal pile is exposed to air, surface contact with the air full penetration, and the air g
14、ap between the coal to the coal pile internal oxidation to create the conditions internal to the coal pile. Block of coal is greater the greater the gap between the coal, the better oxygen conditions. (3) Oxidation time. Coal from the oxidation of the development to spontaneous combustion is a process, and the oxidation time to achieve spontaneous combustion period may become to spontaneous combustion. Such as long-flame coal spontaneous combustion stage 1 to 3 months, the gas coal of 4 to 6 months.
