1、1 外文翻译 原文 RISK MANAGEMENT OF E-BANKING ACTIVITIES Material Source: University Galati, Economic Science Faculty Author: Virlanuta Florina， Moga Liliana， Ioan Viorica 1. E-banking risks E-banking is defined as the automated delivery of new and traditional banking products and services directly to cust
2、omers through electronic, interactive communication channels. E-banking includes the systems that enable financial institution customers, individuals or businesses, to access accounts, transact business, or obtain information on financial products and services through a public or private network,inc
3、luding the Internet or mobile phone. Customers access e-banking services using an intelligent electronic device, such as a personal computer (PC), personal digital assistant (PDA), automated teller machine(ATM), kiosk, or Touch Tone telephone. In Romania, over 23 banks implemented and offer now e-ba
4、nking services. The continuous development of the supporting technology, information security and e-banking strategy reflects on the increasing number of the e-banking customers. According to Communications and Information Technologies Ministry, the number of e-banking users and the transactions per
5、formed in this system, as well as the value of these transactions, registered a spectacular rising, displayed in the graphics below: Year Index 2004 2005 2006 2007 E-banking customers 18.259 44.538 100.799 187.471 Transactions number 1.968.170 2.244.067 3.546.549 4.851.427 Transactions value (euro)
6、7.911.987.706 11.566.348.720 20.510.170.662 44.830.322.635 Source: Communications and Information Technologies Ministry 2 While the risks and controls are similar for the various e-banking access channels, this essay focuses specifically on Internet-based services due to the Internets widely accessi
7、ble public network Accordingly, this project begins with a discussion of the two primary types of Internet websites: informational and transactional. Informational websites provide customers access to general information about the financial institution and its products or services. Risk issues exami
8、ners should consider when reviewing informational websites include: Potential access to confidential financial institution or customer information if the website is not properly isolated from the financial institutions internal network； Potential liability for spreading viruses and other malicious c
9、ode to computers communicating with the institutions website； and Negative public perception if the institutions on-line services are disrupted or if its website is defaced or otherwise presents inappropriate or offensive material. Transactional websites provide customers with the ability to conduct
10、 transactions through the financial institutions website by initiating banking transactions or buying products and services. Banking transactions can range from something as basic as a retail account balance inquiry to a large business-to business funds transfer. E-banking services, like those deliv
11、ered through other delivery channels, are typically classified based on the type of customer they support. The following table lists some of the common retail and wholesale e-banking services offered by financial institutions. Since transactional websites typically enable the electronic exchange of
12、confidential customer information and the transfer of funds, services provided through these websites expose a financial institution to higher risk than basic informational websites. Wholesale e-banking systems typically expose financial institutions to the highest risk per transaction, since commer
13、cial transactions usually involve larger dollar amounts. In addition to the risk issues associated with informational websites, examiners reviewing transactional ebanking services should consider the following issues: Security controls for safeguarding customer information； Liability for unauthorize
14、d transactions； Possible violations of laws or regulations pertaining to consumer privacy, anti-money laundering, anti-terrorism, or the content, timing, or delivery of required consumer disclosures. 2. Transaction risk 3 Transaction risk arises from fraud, processing errors, system disruptions, or
15、other unanticipated events resulting in the institutions inability to deliver products or services. This risk exists in each product and service offered. The level of transaction risk is affected by the structure of the institutions processing environment, including the types of services offered and
16、 the complexity of the processes and supporting technology. In most instances, e-banking activities will increase the complexity of the institutions activities and the quantity of its transaction/operations risk, especially if the institution is offering innovative services that have not been standa
17、rdized. Since customers expect e-banking services to be available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, financial institutions should ensure their e-banking infrastructures contain sufficient capacity and redundancy to ensure reliable service availability. Even institutions that do not consider e-banking a
18、 critical financial service due to the availability of alternate processing channels, should carefully consider customer expectations and the potential impact of service disruptions on customer satisfaction and loyalty. The key to controlling transaction risk lies in adapting effective polices, proc
19、edures, and controls to meet the new risk exposures introduced by e-banking. Basic internal controls including segregation of duties, dual controls, and reconcilements remain important. Information security controls, in particular, become more significant requiring additional processes, tools, exper
20、tise, and testing. Institutions should determine the appropriate level of security controls based on their assessment of the sensitivity of the information to the customer and to the institution and on the institutions established risk tolerance level. Generally, a financial institutions credit risk
21、 is not increased by the mere fact that a loan is originated through an e-banking channel. However, management should consider additional precautions when originating and approving loans electronically, including assuring management information systems effectively track the performance of portfolios
22、 originated through e-banking channels. Funding and investment-related risks could increase with an institutions e-banking initiatives depending on the volatility and pricing of the acquired deposits. The Internet provides institutions with the ability to market their products and services globally. Internet-based advertising programs can effectively match yield-focused investors with potentially high-yielding deposits. But Internet-originated deposits have the potential to attract customers who focus exclusively on rates and may provide a funding source with risk characteristics
