1、物流 外文翻译 随着社会的发展，行业竞争的日趋激烈，如何提高工作效率、降低管理成本、提高服务水平和企业的竞争能力，是每一个企业管理者最为关注的问题。越来越多的管理者认为实行计算机科学化管理是解决这一问题的关键。 物流运输企业由于行业特点，传统操作过程复杂，文件繁多，竞争日趋激烈。越来越多的信息问题涌现出来，例如：一方面，要不断开发客户市场，对客户的基本资料，货物分布情况、联系人的喜好及联系方式有较为全面的了解，另一方面，要作好财务的收付工作，确保运费能按时的收付，欠款一目了然，及时催缴。以往查阅厚厚的文件 资料的做法，显然是不可取的。必须采取更有效的解决办法。同时收集处理信息的速度、信息的准确
2、性、安全性，还影响到公司整体的管理水平和决策层对整体业务的控制和协调。采用计算机软件管理信息是解决上述问题的一个行之有效的办法。 物流管理软件，就是根据物流运输企业业务流程，将企业业务的各类数据联系起来，组成一个有机的系统，使得业务、财务、市场等方面的信息得以方便、快捷地传递，并经过综合处理生成各种报表送交给各个职能部门及决策层。应用物流管理软件系统不仅可以节省大量的人力，减少工作中的失误，对客户的询问可以迅速的从电脑 中查询信息答复客户，而且可以帮助决策者及时调整公司经营策略，提高公司在同行业中的知名度，增强公司的竞争力。 过去物流管理着重在企业内部作业与组织的整合，对下游顾客的对应，是以服
3、务与品质为主要重心。因此，评价物流的管理业绩和效果的准则，多半是以处理订单周期时间的速度，供货率及完成质量来量度。 随着物流业的发展，在供应链管理模式上增添新的内容，物流业出现了新的十大趋势。 （一）物流管理从物的处理，提升到物的加值方案设计、解决和管理上。可以为客户提供度身订造式的，并带有个性化的服务，企业逐渐转向强调跨企业界限 的整合，使得顾客关系的维护与管理变得越来越重要。 （二）由对立转向联合。传统商业通道中，企业间多半以自我为中心，追求自我利益，因此往往造成企业间对立的局面。然而在追求更大竞争力的驱动下，许多企业开始在各个商业流通机能上整合，通过联合规划与作业，形成高度整合的供应链通
4、道关系，使通道整体成绩和效果大幅提升。 （三）由预测转向终测。传统的流通模式通过预测下游通道的资源来进行各项物流作业活动，不幸的是预测很少会准确的，因而浪费了许多自然及商业资源。新兴的物流管理趋势是强调通道成员的联合机制，成员间愿意互换营运及 策略的信息，尤其是内部需求及生产的资料，使得上游的企业无需去预测，流通模式是逐渐由预测基础转向终测基础发展。 （四）由经验积累转向变迁策略。一直以来经验曲线是企业用来分析市场竞争趋势及发展对应策略的方法，并以企业长年积累的经验作为主要竞争武器，然而科技的突飞进步，企业固守既有经验反而成为企业发展的障碍，因此在调度变化的环境下，经验及现存通道基础结构反变为
5、最难克服的障碍，成功的企业要建立对策略方向的嗅觉和持续变迁管理体系才能生存。 （五）由绝对价值转向相对价值。传统财务评价只看一些绝对数值，新的评估方法将 着重在相对价值的创造，亦即在通道中提供加值服务，顾客所增加的价值中企业可占多少比例。 （六）由功能整合转向程序整合。在竞争渠道日趋激烈的环境中，企业必须更快响应上、下游顾客的需要，因而必须有效整合各部门的营运，并以程序式的操作系统来动作，物流作业与活动多半具有跨功能，跨企业的特性，故程序式整合是物流管理成功的重点。 （七）由垂直整合转向虚拟整合。在传统渠道中，一些大企业进行通道的垂直整合，以期对通过掌握有更大的力量，事实证明这并不成功，反而分
6、散了企业的资源，并将主业削弱。今日企业经营的趋势是专注核心业务 ，将非核心业务委托给专业管理公司去做，形成虚拟企业整合体系，使主体企业提供更好的产品及服务。 （八）由信息保留转向信息分享。在供应链管理结构下，供应链内相关企业必须将供应链整合所需的信息与其他企业分享，否则，无法形成有效的供应链体系。 （九）由训练转向知识学习。在可预见的未来，任何物流程序均以人力来完成。然而，物流作业多半需要在各个物流据点和运输网络中进行，大约有 90%的时间，物流主管无法亲自加以监控。全球化的发展趋势，也增加了物流人力资源管理的复杂度。物流主管必须将以个别人员技能训练的方式，转向知识基 础的学习发展。 （十）由
7、管理会计转向价值管理。未来许多企业愿意投入许多资源建立基本会计系统，着重在提供增值创造，跨企业的管理信息，以期能确认可创造价值的作业，而非仅在于收益增加，成本升降上。 Along with societys development, the profession competition is day by day intense, how enhances the working efficiency, reduces the management cost, the enhancement service level and enterprises competitive ability,
8、is each enterprise superintendent most matter of concern. More and more many superintendents thought the implementation computer scientific style management solves this question key. The thing flows the transportation enterprise as a result of the profession characteristic, the tradition operating p
9、rocess complex, document many, the competition is day by day intense. The more and more many information question emerges, for example: On the one hand, must develop the customer market unceasingly, to the customer basic document, the cargo distribution situation, the contact person likes and the co
10、ntact method has a more comprehensive understanding, on the other hand, must finish financial the receipts and disbursements work, guarantees the transport expense to be able on time receipts and disbursements, the debt to be clear, prompt press for payment. Formerly consulted the thick document mat
11、erial the procedure, obviously was cannot be taken. Must adopt more effective solution. At the same time collects the process information the speed, the information accuracy, the security, but also affects the company whole management level and the decision-making strata to the overall service contr
12、ol and the coordination. Uses the computer software management information is solution above question effective means. The thing class manages the software, is flows the transportation enterprise service flow according to the thing, according to relates the enterprise service various class numbers,
13、composes an organic system, causes aspect the and so on service, finance, market information to be able to be convenient, to transmit quickly, and produces each kind of report form after synthesis processing to deliver for each function department and the decision-making strata. The appliance flows
14、the management software system not only to be possible to save the massive manpower, reduces in the work the fault, may be rapid to the customer inquiry inquires the information answer customer from the computer, moreover may help the policy-maker promptly to adjust the company to manage the strateg
15、y, enhances companys in same profession well-knownness, the enhancement companys competitive power. In the past flowed the management emphatically in the enterprise interior work and organizations conformity, to the downriver customers correspondence, was take serves and the quality as the main cent
16、er of gravity. Therefore, the appraisal flows the management achievement and the effect criterion, is mostly by processes the order form period the speed, supplying goods rate and completes the quality to measure. Along with the thing flowing industry development, increased the new content in the su
17、pply chain management pattern, thing flowing industry had the new ten major tendencies. (1) thing flows the management from thing processing, promotes to in the thing Canadian value plan design, the solution and the management. May provides for the customer 度身订造 -like, and has the personalization th
18、e service, the enterprise gradually changes emphasized the cross enterprise boundary the conformity, causes the maintenance and the management which the customer relates changes more and more importantly. (2) changes the union by the opposition. In the traditional commercial channel, the enterprise
19、mostly take as the center, pursues the self- benefit, therefore often makes the aspect which the enterprise opposes. However in under the pursue bigger competitive power actuation, many enterprises starts in each commercial circulation function the conformity, through the union plan and the work, forms highly the conformity supply chain channel relations, causes the channel overall result and the effect large promotion. (3) changes the final survey by the forecast. The traditional circulation pattern carries
