1、 附 录 外文资料及翻译 Automobile chassisstructure The modern automobiles ,as you know ,evolved from the horse-drawn carriage which was gradually replaced in the early part of last century .Early automobiles even looked like carriages .As the automobile made a place for itself in our daily lives ,it also beco
2、me more and more expensive to purchase ,use ,and maintain .Automobile expenses now account for a substantial portion of most family budgets .In fact ,one out of every four retail sales dollars goes for an automotive-related purchase. To make the best buy ,a consumer must understand how work and what
3、 kinds of attention they need to stay in good shape. Knowledge of the automobile is equally important for anyone considering employment in the automotive industry .This chapter will begin the study of the automobile with an examination of its major components-frame ,body ,engine , drivetrain ,and ch
4、assis . Chassis The term chassis describes all the parts of the automobile under the body .The chassis forms the main structure of the modern automobile .A large number of designs in pressed-steel frame form a skeleton on which the engine ,wheels ,axle assemblies ,transmission ,steering mechanism ,b
5、rakes ,and suspension members are mounted .During the manufacturing process the body is flexibly bolted to the chassis . The major components of the basic chassis are the frame ,engine, drivetrain ,wheels ,tires ,steering , brakes ,suspension and steering-everything needed to drive the car .In addit
6、ion, several other systems are mounted to the chassis assembly .The wheels of the automobile are connected to the frame t by a system of springs ,shock absorbers ,and linkages that make up the cars suspension system .The suspension system absorbs road shocks as the vehicle travels over rough roads a
7、nd holds the tire and wheel in correct alignment with the car and the road .It also allows the tires and wheels to move up and down relative to the body over bumps and chuckholes. Another important chassis component is the steering system ,which allows the driver to control the direction the car tra
8、vels. The steering wheel ,which the driver controls , is connected to a gearbox that multiplies the drivers effort .The gearbox is linked to the front wheel of the vehicle. The last major chassis component is the braking system the function ,the function of which is to either reduce the vehicles spe
9、ed ,bring the vehicle to a halt ,or keep it stationary if already halted. When the driver pushes on the brake pedal,hydraulic fluid is forced out of a master cylinder to each of the four wheels .The resulting hydraulic pressure operates a drum or disk brake assembly to slow or stop the cars wheels.
10、Engine Diesel engines are substantially more efficient than gasoline engines by an estimate of 35-40 percent, producing more power per unit of fuel burned. The efficiency of the diesel engine has been greatly enhanced by the use of turbochargers and charged-air cooling, which has resulted in increas
11、ed power and performance at minimum fuel consumption rates. Advancements in engine design also mean diesel is no longer considered a dirty fuel. Fuel injection and control strategies have produced the smokeless diesel.The role of the engine cylinder is to enable the importation of fuel combustion an
12、d a driving force. Hyundai Motor wider use of Reciprocating Engine, which generally organisms, with gas, crank linkage, fuel oil supply systems, cooling systems, ignition systems, launch systems and other components. Site to accept the engine driving force, so that a sports car, and to ensure that t
13、he driver of the vehicle in accordance with the manipulation of normal traffic. Clutch The main function of clutch is cut off and realize the transmission of engine power transmission to ensure that when the car started the engine and transmission smooth joint, to ensure a smooth start car in the sh
14、ift when the engine and transmission of separation, to reduce transmission of the shift Gear between the impact in their work by the larger dynamic load, we can limit transmission of the largest faced by the torque to prevent the transmission of some parts due to the overload and damage to effective
15、ly reduce the transmission of noise and vibration . Gear Box A gear box is a speed and power changing device installed at some point between the engine and driving wheels of the vehicle.It provides a means for changing the ration between engine and driving wheels rpm to best meet each particular dri
16、ving situation. The gear box is a device that is connected to the back of the engine and e same average speed. This is why these vehicles are hard to turn on concrete when the four-wheel-drive system is engaged. Each wheel is sends the power from the engine to the drive wheels. An automobile engine
17、runs at its best at a certain range. Front Axle Front axlw is used for steering front wheels carried on stubaxles swiveling upon king pins at the axle extremities. Seering Systems Steering arms and a track rod link the two stub axles together for swiveling them by a steering wheel about the king pin
18、s.The steering wheel linked to one of the stub axles by a shaft,a gear box and a suitable linkage is opeated by the drivers hand wheel.Previously the axle-a onepiece beam was used to support the vehicle through springs,An arrangement known ad independent front suspension has replaced the axle and sp
19、ring arrangement.Under the control of springs,the wheels are free to rise and fall vertically independently of each other. Drive Axle For fixing rear wheels,a tube like shaft enclosing driving shafts with suitable bearings for rotating the wheels is useds.It is enlarged at the center for enclosing t
20、he final drive gears used for providing main speed reduction between the engine and the driving wheels. The change of direction of the drive trom the fore and aft line of the propeller shaft to the transverse line of the axle shafts is also provided by this tube known as rear axle. The differential
21、is a device that splits the engine torque two ways, allowing each output to spin at a different speed. It is found on all modern cars, and also in many all-wheel-drive vehicles. These all-wheel-drive vehicles need a differential between each set of drive wheels, and they need one between the front a
22、nd the back wheels as well, because the front wheels travel a different distance through a turn than the rear wheels. Part-time four-wheel-drive systems dont have a differential between the front and rear wheels； instead, they are locked together so that the front and rear wheels have to turn at thprovided with its own separate halfshaft connected by a differential gear and meeting at about the center of the axle.The wheels are free to rotate at
