1、 外文资料 Lathe is introduced The lathe is mainly for the car round face and boring, car and so on a work and design of machine tools. Turning rarely in itsHe kinds of machine tools, and any other machine tools are not like lathe so easily turning processing. Because of the lathe can also be used to dri
2、lling and reaming, lathe versatility can make workpiece finish a few in a installationKind of processing. Therefore, in the production of various kinds of lathes use than any other kinds of machine tools.The basic parts are: lathe bed, spindle box components, the tailstock components, slip board com
3、ponents, screw and light poles.Bed is lathe based pieces. It can often is by after a full normalizing or aging treatment of ductile iron of grey or into. It is a strong rigid frame, all the other basic components are installed on the bed. Usually in bed body have inside.The two set of parallel guide
4、. Some manufacturers are using to all four guide pointed toward the triangle on rails guide (namelyYamagata prefecture, and some factory guide) in a group or is in both groups are using a triangle guide and a rectangleGuide. Guide to machined to guarantee their straightness precision. In order to re
5、sist wear and scratches, most modernThe guide is through the surface machine hardening, but during operation should also be careful to avoid damage guide. Guide railAny error, often means the whole machine precision damaged.Spindle box installed in the fixed position medial guide, usually left end o
6、f the bed. It provides power, and can make the workPieces of speed in turn. It basically consists of a installed in the hollow shaft and precision bearing a series of variable speed teethWheel (similar to the truck gearbox) together. Through the sliding gears, spindle can swim in the many kinds of r
7、otating speed. mostlyCount lathe have 8 to 12 kinds of speed, general form. According to arrange series But in the modern machine just pull (2 4 handlesSo they can get all the speed. A growing trend is through the electrical or mechanical device withoutVariable.Due to the accuracy of machine tool de
8、pends largely on spindle, therefore, spindle structure size is larger, usually installedAfter the preloaded the heavy tapered roller bearings or ball bearings. Axis in a full-length through-hole throughout bar feeders, longThrough the hole by feeding. The size of the Lord when an important dimension
9、 is lathe, so when the work-piece must be when the principalThe materials, it confirms that can process the maximum size of the blank bar feeders.The tailstock component mainly consists of three parts. The inside of the motherboard and lathe bed rails, can be in guide with the longitudinallyMobile.
10、Floor has a can make whole the tailstock component clamping device at any position. The tailstock body installed in the endBoard, along some type of key slot in floor lateral movement, make the tailstock can and spindle box to the spindle is.The tailstock third part is the tailstock sleeve. It is a
11、diameter usually at about 51 76mm (2 3 inches)The steel hollow cylinder between. Through the handwheel and screw, the tailstock sleeve can in the tailstock body and move in a few longitudinal moveAn inch.The lathe with two dimensions specifications said. The first called lathe bed surface the larges
12、t machining diameter. This is in the latheCan the biggest diameter workpiece rotate. It is about two top attachment and guide rail of the distance of the nearest point two times. The second size is the maximum distance between the two top. Lathe bed surface the largest machining diameter said on a l
13、atheThe biggest workpiece to turning diameter and the maximum distance between the two top, said two top can be installed in betweenThe maximum length of workpiece.Ordinary lathe is in the production of the most frequently used lathes type. They have all those front parts of SyracuseHeavy machine, a
14、nd outside, all except for small knife tool sport has motor feed. They are usually the specifications: lathe bed face biggest process diameter for 305 610mm (12 to 24 inches)； But, the bed surface the largest machining diameterAchieve 1270mm (50 inches) and the distance between the two top 3658mm la
15、the to is not uncommon also. These carsBed most have scraps plate and a installed in internal cooling fluid circulation system. Small plain lathe bed face - latheThe largest machining diameter usually less than 330mm (13 inches) - is designed, and its bench-type lathe bed installation at workStation
16、s or on the cabinet.Although there are many USES, ordinary lathe is very useful, but the machine tool and replacement and adjust to measure the work piece flowersFee much time, so they are not suitable for mass production application. Usually, their actual processing time less than its30% of total p
17、rocessing time. In addition, need skilled workers to operate ordinary lathe, the workers salary highAnd difficult to hire. However, most of the time but operating workers spend on simply repeating adjustment and observation scraps process. Therefore, in order to reduce or totally not to hire this ki
18、nd of skilled workers, hex lathe, threaded processing lathe and otherTypes of semi-automatic and automatic lathe has well developed, and has been widely applied in production. 车床介绍 车床主要是为了进行车外圆、车端面和镗孔等项工作而设计的机床。车削很少在其他种类的机床上进行，而且任何一种其他机床都不能像车床那样方便地进行车削加工。由于车床还可以用来钻孔和铰孔，车床的多功能性可以使工件在一次安装中完成几种加工。因此，在生
19、产中使用的各种车床比任何其他种类的机床都多。 车床的基本部件有：床身、主轴箱组件、尾座组件、溜板组件、丝杠和光杠。床身是车床的基础件。它能常是由经过充分正火或时效处理的灰铸铁或者球墨铁制成。它是一个坚固的刚性框架，所有其他基本部件都安装在床身上。通常在床身上有内外两组平行的导轨。有些制造厂对全部四条导轨都采用导轨尖朝上的三角形导轨（即山形导轨），而有的制造厂则在一组中或者两组中都采用一个三角形导轨和一个矩形导轨。导轨要经过精密加工以保证其直线度精度。为了抵抗磨损和擦伤，大多数 现代机床的导轨是经过表面淬硬的，但是在操作时还应该小心，以避免损伤导轨。导轨上的任何误差，常常意味着整个机床的精度遭到
20、破坏。主轴箱安装在内侧导轨的固定位置上，一般在床身的左端。它提供动力，并可使工件在各种速度下回转。它基本上由一个安装在精密轴承中的空心主轴和一系列变速齿轮 (类似于卡车变速箱 )所组成。通过变速齿轮，主轴可以在许多种转速下旋转。大多数车床有 812 种转速，一般按等比级数排列。而且在现代机床上只需扳动 24 个手柄，就能得到全部转速。一种正在不断增长的趋势是通过电气的或者机械的装置进行无级变速。 由 于机床的精度在很大程度上取决于主轴，因此，主轴的结构尺寸较大，通常安装在预紧后的重型圆锥滚子轴承或球轴承中。主轴中有一个贯穿全长的通孔，长棒料可以通过该孔送料。主轴孔的大小是车床的一个重要尺寸，因此当工件必须通过主轴孔供料时，它确定了能够加工的棒料毛坯的最大尺寸。尾座组件主要由三部分组成。底板与床身的内侧导轨配合，并可以在导轨上作纵向移动。底板上有一个可以使整个尾座组件夹紧在任意位置上的装置。尾座体安装在底板上，可以沿某种类型的键 槽在底板上横向移动，使尾座能与主轴箱中的主轴对正。尾座的第三个组成部分是尾座 套筒。它是一个直径通常大约在 5176mm（ 23 英寸）之间的钢制空心圆柱体。通过手轮和
