1、2700单词，1.5万英文字符，4850汉字DEVELOPMENT OF A RELATIONAL DATABASE FOR LEARNINGMANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ABSTRACT In todays world, Web-Based Distance Education Systems have a great importance. Web-based Distance Education Systems are usually known as Learning Management Systems (LMS). In this article, a database d
2、esign, which was developed to create an educational institution as a Learning Management System, is described. In this sense, developed Learning Management System consists of basis of Virtual Education Institutions. In this study, a fully relational database design has been realized in compli
3、ance with SCORM standards and got ready to be used as Virtual Education Institutions. This system can be used for any required education institute and it can be run within the same interface. In LMS that will be generated, a faculty or institute can be defined and academic and all administrative pro
4、cesses of the defined institute can be managed with the designed system. Proposed database design has been used in a LMS of AfyonKocatepe University. In this system, many processes like indexing, uploading, downloading, production and editing of web based learning materials can also be perform
5、ed easily and safely. Keywords: Distance Education, E-learning, Web-Based Distance Learning Systems, SCORM, Relational Database Design. INTRODUCTION In today's modern age, changes are observed peoples life style. Development of mobile communication systems and mobility
6、 of the people play the most important role about this issue. Peoples daily activity programs are divided into many different type activities. The main concern in education is that how classical education institutions will establish education environment of increasing active population. The pu
7、rpose of mobile education is to move todays stable education environment to a virtual, flexible education environment of the future (Yuen and Wang, 2004). Today, there is a growing interest in online learning all over the world (Elango, 2008). Electronic learning plays important role not only
8、 in academic institutions but also in small and medium-sized enterprises, which have the will to renew knowledge and experience of their staff. E-learning provides practical solutions to the students, who did not participate in the past education processes (Roy and Raymund, 2008). At this point, sci
9、entists have emphasized on customization, interaction and control (Piccoli, 2001). An e-learning program should be especially prepared for all students with the integration of different objects, past experiences and also these students should increase their own activities (Collins, 2005； Colli
10、ns, 2006； Hodges, 2004). E-learning trusts in current information and communication technologies for distribution of learning contents. Learning process or its ambiance is organized according to either synchronous or asynchronous method. E-learning, which has been developed as a learnin
11、g solution, represents the distance education with the flexibility of educational software and process covering synthesis of different technologies (Yapicioglu, 2001). Increasing internet using rate and developments in the infrastructure of todays internet have caused many improvements in web
12、-based software and services. As a result of these improvements, education activities have begun to be performed by using the internet and network technology. Many technological tools like electronic books, electronic mails and conference environments have also taken active parts in these kinds of e
13、ducation activities. Due to increasing rate in using these tools and related education methods, a special education system has appeared. The whole education system is called as “Web-based Distance Education System” (WBDES). Today, distance education systems are established in many universitie
14、s and education-teaching activities are performed via these systems. One of the big reasons in increasing using rate of Web-based Distance Education is requirements to these kinds of systems in parallel with developments in the information technology. One of the most important advantages of W
15、BDES is being able to provide asynchronous education within a virtual education environment. In a WBDES, students can easily access to the educational contents, which was transferred by educators to the system and take advantage of these sources by using different educational tools. Because o
16、f its advantages on costs, WBDES is also preferred to be used rather than other models or systems (Carswell and Venkatesh, 2002). Today, the most important reason in increasing the number of WBDES and to be accepted by students is their independent working mechanism from time and location (Bullen, 2
17、006). It has TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology October 2011, volume 10 Issue 4 Copyright The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology 108been an important preference reason for the people who suffer shortage of time and can not take active pa
18、rt in the location where education activities are performed. Generally, Web-based Distance Education Systems are called as Learning Management Systems (LMS). Factors and methods, which are considered in designing LMS, have been examined in the literature from various perspectives (French, 1999； Harr
19、is, 1999； Joliffe, 2001). When they are evaluated in terms of cost, it is seen that the cost of WBDES is approximately half of a typical traditional and formal education cost. On the other hand, interactive education feature of WBDES and up-to-date content presenting function should also be consider
20、ed (Balbieris and Reklaitis, 2003). In this study, a database model, which was designed and developed to be used for Learning Management Systems, is described. The database model was developed in a relational structure and designed to be suitable for LMS, which are in compliance with SCORM st
21、andards. Additionally, the developed model has a portable, easily accessible and easy-to-manage structure and can be used in long-term studies. With this database model, a virtual education institute can be established and published via required interface structures. In the related Learning Ma
22、nagement System, a faculty or institute can be defined and all academic and administrative processes of these institutes can be managed with the help of developed database model. SCORM Standards SCORM is a Content Management System Standard and can be defined as “Shareable Content Objec
23、t Reference Model”. SCORM includes a framework for running lesson contents. SCORM standards are interested in publishing rather than teachable features of the lesson content (Su, 2006； Him, 2005). While explaining the content management aspects of distance education systems, SCORM standards must also be examined in every respect. While applying SCORM standards, some factors, which belong to SCOM standards, must be stated. These
