1、 外文资料翻译 On setting the meter setting the meter. Long-term since, our country residence water meter are arranged on the indoor kitchen or toilet water concentration, the water more and scattered residences, sometimes even a indoor set more than one meter. In recent years, water meter is arranged on t
2、he indoor and caused many problems cause the attention of people increasingly: Home meter reading disturbs people s normal life and may lead to residential burglary, privacy and safety not guaranteed: management of meter reading meter reading is not easy and large labor intensity: individual user st
3、eals water management departments to prevent and punish and so on. Because of these problems, water production has become an inevitable choice. Therefore, the newly revised national standard ( code for design of building water supply GBJ15-88article 2.5.8: residential building should be installed in
4、 household water meter, household water meter or household water meter digital display should be located outdoors. Meter households generally have the following ways: Household water meter concentrated in the roof ( water supply ) or the underlying space ( water supply ). This mode is often used for
5、 multi-stormy residential. In general a unit provided with a ladder of water meter water meter well ( box ), household water pipe along the interior tube or building wall into the indoor. The utility model has the advantages of convenient reading； reading, low labor intensity of workers, can avoid u
6、sers water behavior. Disadvantages are: material consumption, head loss of pipeline, occupying larger space pipeline well, such as a wall is easy to affect the appearance of the building, the user branches not easy maintenance. Meter is arranged on the stair landing platform. Vertical water supply p
7、ipe is arranged on the platform, each provided with a water tank； the water meter box embedded platform resting on both sides of the wall. The utility model has the advantages of: user branches short, saving material, low head loss of pipeline, the shortcoming is: water dispersed settings, meter rea
8、ding personnel of great labor intensity； usually indoor fire hydrant box is installed on a platform, so that the already crowded rest platform more cramped, traffic inconvenience to the residents.Each layer is Meter centralized meter room, household water meter on the wall. The utility model has the
9、 advantages of the same with B, the disadvantages are: household pipeline must follow the public walkway under floor into interior and corridors, ceiling requirements. Will be the traditional ordinary mechanical water meter changes for telemetering water meter or IC card intelligent water meter. Rem
10、ote water meter accurate calculation without reading, this form must be a deposit a certain amount of water, will recharge after insertion of the IC card water meter reading can be water. Because the remote water meter and IC card table relatively expensive and technically still exist certain proble
11、ms, hence in practice has not been widely applied. Above a few kinds of water-meter, each has its advantages and disadvantages, concrete in practical engineering design in which way, by the design staff according to residential properties, grades and local industry management department requirement.
12、1.2water supply pipe arrangement and laying. At present, to build the house in one hutch two defend very general already, even with some houses one hutch three defend one hutch four defend, kitchen, toilet, the balcony, and each water using point locations are more dispersed. User branches to water
13、points along the interior floor pipeline such as hanging, inevitable requirement set indoor ceiling, wall should also have the anti-condensation measures to bring inconvenience, household decoration, after all, not all tenants wanted to ceiling. ( the building water supply and drainage design specif
14、ication ) GB15 2000(manuscript ) as specified in article 3.6.18, water supply pipe should be laid in the floor ( ground ) surface of the leveling layer or along the wall laying pipe groove, laying the leveling layer or the tube groove water supplying pipe outside diameter is less than 25mm. In fact,
15、 if connected to two or more than two water points, water supply branch pipe are connected together in series, the pipe diameter is more than 25mm. Therefore, in order to meet the specification requirements, water supply branch door after access water separator, a water segregator dark kitchen or ba
16、throom wall, through the diversion device connected to each water using point branch pipe diameter can be controlled under 25mm. But it should be noted: a leveling layer water supply pipe after completion of construction, should be in the position to do the obvious markers, lest the household decora
17、tion, destruction of water supply pipeline. 水表设置 关于水表设置。长期以来，我国住宅水表均设于室内厨房或卫生间等用水集中处，对于用水点较多且分散的住宅，有时甚至一户内设多个水表。近年来，水表设于户内而引发的诸多问题日益引起人们的重视：入户抄表扰乱人们的正常生活及可能导致的入户抢劫，使住宅私密性及安全性得不到保障：管理人员抄表不易且抄表劳动强度大：个别用户偷水而管理部门无法制止及处罚等。由于这些问题的产生，水表出产已成为必然的选择。为此，新修订的国家规范（建筑给水排水设计规范 GBJ15-88 第 2.5.8 条规 定：住宅建筑应装设分户水表，分户水
18、表或分户水表的数字显示宜设在户外。水表出户一般有以下几种方式： 分户水表集中设于屋顶（水箱供水）或底层空间内（变频供水）。这种方式常用于多层单元式住宅中。一般一个单元梯位水表设一个水表井（箱），分户水管沿室内管井或建筑外墙引入户内。其优点为；抄表方便，抄表人员劳动强度低，可以杜绝用户的输水行为。缺点是：管材耗量大，管道水头损失大，需占用较大空间的管道井，如设于外墙则易影响建筑外观，分户支管不易检修。 水表设于楼梯休息平台处。给水立管设于平台处，每户设一水表箱；将水表箱嵌入休息平台两侧墙体中。其优点为：分户支管短，较节约管材，管道水头损失也较小，缺点是：水表分散设置，抄表人员劳动强度较大；通常室
19、内消火栓箱也明设于休息平台处，因而使本来就拥挤的休息平台更为局促，给住户通行带来不便。 水表每层集中设于水表间内，分户水表整齐靠于墙面。其优点同方式 b 相同，缺点是：分户管道必须沿公共走道楼板下引入室内，因而走道内要求设吊顶。 将传统的普通机械式水表改换为远传水表或 IC 卡智能型水表。远传水表计算准确且无需抄表，此卡表需用户预存入一定数额水费，将充值后的 IC 卡插入水表的读码器中即 可用水。由于远传水表和 IC 卡表价格相对昂贵且在技术上仍存在一定问题，因而在实际工程中尚未得到广泛应用。 以上几种水表出户方式，各有其优缺点，具体在工程实际设计中采用何种方式，应由设计入员根据住宅的性质、档
20、次及当地行业管理部门的要求确定。给水支管布置与敷设。目前，新建住宅中一厨两卫已很普遍，有的住宅甚至配有一厨三卫、一厨四卫，且厨房、卫生间、阳台各用水点位置均较分散。分户支管至用水点间管道如沿室内楼板下吊设，必然要求设室内吊顶，管外壁还应有防结露措施，给住户装修带来不便，毕竟不是所有住户都想设吊顶。（建筑 给排水设计规范） GB15 2000（送审稿）第 3.6.18 条规定，给水支管宜敷设在楼（地）面的找平层或沿墙敷设在管槽内，敷设在找平层或管槽内的给水支管外径不宜大于 25mm。实际上，如果将接往两个或两个以上用水点给水支管串接在一起，其支管外径均会超过 25mm。因此，为了满足规范的要求，给水支管入户后即接入分水器，分水器暗设于厨房或卫生间墙体内，通过分水器后接往各用水点支管管外径均可控制在 25mm 以下。但应注意：设于找平层内给水支管施工完毕后，应在其位置做上明显的标记，以免住户装修时破坏给水管道。
