1、英文文献 英文文献资料及翻译 Intelligent Control Control technology is 20 years in the last century established a frequency domain method based upon the classical control theory developed, the control technology of industrial production has been widely used. Promote the development of space technology, the 50s em
2、erged to law-based state space control theory now so widely control technology development, resulting in more applications. Since the 60s, with the development of computer technology, many new methods and technology into engineering, product of stage, appears to accelerate the pace of industrial tec
3、hnological upgrading, which control technology presented new challenges, also provide for the development of a conditions for the theory of intelligent control technology application in the form of intelligent control technology. Intelligent control technology is mainly used to resolve those using t
4、raditional methods can not solve the control problem of complex systems, such as intelligent robotics systems, computer integrated manufacturing system (CIMS), a complex industrial process control systems, aerospace control systems, socio-economic management systems, transportation systems, communic
5、ation network systems, environmental protection and energy systems. These complex systems have the following characteristics: 1. Control object of serious uncertainty, the control model or the model structure and unknown parameters of a large range of changes； 2. Control of highly nonlinear characte
6、ristics of the object； 3. Control tasks require complex. For example, the intelligent robot systems require a complex task system has its own planning and decision-making capacity, automatic ability to avoid obstacles to reach the destination. Intelligent control technology often play a role through
7、 the intelligent control system. In short, intelligent control system is the system with an intelligent behavior, which uses artificial intelligence methods to solve difficult mathematical methods accurately describe the complex, random, flexible control problem, a self-learning, adaptive, self-orga
8、nizing capabilities. Its main objective is to explore the human brain deal with things closer to the thinking mode is to study a kind of mathematical logic, make the machine like human beings, according to a small amount of fuzzy information, some of the reasoning based on the guidelines, thinking,
9、you can get a very accurate or adequate approximation of the conclusions and control strategies. The intelligent control technology in the engineering machinery products, to solve the traditional control methods can not well adapt to changing challenges of complex objects. Intelligent control techno
10、logy can change the 英文文献 control strategy to adapt to the object complexity and uncertainty. It is not just rely on mathematical models, and online experience based on knowledge and reasoning to identify and select the best control strategy, the uncertainty for the system to maintain a predetermined
11、 quality and expectations. Intelligence and intelligent systems can be characterized in a number of ways and along a number of dimensions. There are certain attributes of intelligent systems, common in many definitions, which are of particular interest to the control community. In the following, sev
12、eral alternative definitions and certain essential characteristics of intelligent systems are first discussed. A brief working definition of intelligent systems that captures their common characteristics is then presented. In more detail, we start with a rather eneral definition of intelligent syste
13、ms, we discuss levels of intelligence, and we explain the role of control in intelligent systems and outline several alternative definitions. We then discuss adaptation and learning, autonomy and the necessity for efficient computational structures in intelligent systems, to deal with complexity. We
14、 conclude with a brief working characterization of intelligent (control) systems. We start with a general characterization of intelligent systems: An intelligent system has the ability to act appropriately in an uncertain environment, where an appropriate action is that which increases the probabili
15、ty of success, and success is the achievement of behavioral subgoals that support the systems ultimate goal. In order for a man-made intelligent system to act appropriately, it may emulate functions of living creatures and ultimately human mental faculties. An intelligent system can be characterized
16、 along a number of dimensions. There are degrees or levels of intelligence that can be measured along the various dimensions of intelligence. At a minimum, intelligence requires the ability to sense the environment, to make decisions and to control action. Higher levels of intelligence may include t
17、he ability to recognize objects and events, to represent knowledge in a world model, and to reason about and plan for the future. In advanced forms, intelligence provides the capacity to perceive and understand, to choose wisely, and to act successfully under a large variety of circumstances so as t
18、o survive and prosper in a complex and often hostile environment. Intelligence can be observed to grow and evolve, both through growth in computational power and through accumulation of knowledge of how to sense, decide and act in a complex and changing world. The above characterization of an intell
19、igent system is rather general. According to this, a great number of systems can be considered intelligent. In fact, according to this definition, even a thermostat may be considered to be an intelligent system, although of low level of intelligence. It is common, however, to call a system intellige
20、nt when in fact it has a rather high level of intelligence. There exist a number of alternative but related definitions of intelligent 英文文献 systems and in the following we mention several. They provide alternative, but related characterizations of intelligent systems with emphasis on systems with hi
21、gh degrees of intelligence. The following definition emphasizes the fact that the system in question processes information, and it focuses on man-made systems and intelligent machines: A. Machine intelligence is the process of analyzing, organizing and converting data into knowledge； where (machine)
22、 knowledge is defined to be the structured information acquired and applied to remove ignorance or uncertainty about a specific task pertaining to the intelligent machine. This definition leads to the principle of increasing precision with decreasing intelligence, which claims that: applying machine
23、 intelligence to a database generates a flow of knowledge, lending an analytic form to facilitate modeling of the process. Next, an intelligent system is characterized by its ability to dynamically assign subgoals and control actions in an internal or autonomous fashion: B. Many adaptive or learning
24、 control systems can be thought of as designing a control law to meet well-defined control objectives. This activity represents the systems attempt to organize or order its “knowledge” of its own dynamical behavior, so to meet a control objective. The organization of knowledge can be seen as one imp
25、ortant attribute of intelligence. If this organization is done autonomously by the system, then intelligence becomes a property of the system, rather than of the systems designer. This implies that systems which autonomously (self) -organize controllers with respect to an internally realized organiz
26、ational principle are intelligent control systems. A procedural characterization of intelligent systems is given next: C. Intelligence is a property of the system that emerges when the procedures of focusing attention, combinatorial search, and generalization are applied to the input information in
27、order to produce the output. One can easily deduce that once a string of the above procedures is defined, the other levels of resolution of the structure of intelligence are growing as a result of the recursion. Having only one level structure leads to a rudimentary intelligence that is implicit in
28、the thermostat, or to a variable-structure sliding mode controller. The concepts of intelligence and control are closely related and the term “Intelligent Control” has a unique and distinguishable meaning. An intelligent system must define and use goals. Control is then required to move the system t
29、o these goals and to define such goals. Consequently, any intelligent system will be a control system. Conversely, intelligence is necessary to provide desirable functioning of systems under changing conditions, and it is necessary to achieve a high degree of autonomous behavior in a control system.
30、 Since control is an essential part of any intelligent system, the term “Intelligent Control Systems” is sometimes used in engineering literature instead of “Intelligent Systems” or “Intelligent Machines”. The term “Intelligent Control System” simply stresses the control aspect of the intelligent system.
