1、 毕 业 设 计（论 文） 外 文 参 考 资 料 及 译 文 译文题目： Progress in Computers 微机发展简史 学生姓名： 学 号： 专 业： 所在学院： 指导教 师： 职 称： 2012 年 2 月 26 日 说明： 要求学生结合毕业设计（论文）课题参阅一篇以上的外文资料，并翻译至少一万印刷符（或译出 3 千汉字）以上的译文。译文原则上要求打印（如手写，一律用 400 字方格稿纸书写），连同学校提供的统一封面及英文原文装订，于毕业设计（论文）工作开始后 2 周内完成，作为成绩考核的一部分。 Progress in Computers Prestige Lecture d
2、elivered to IEE, Cambridge, on 5 February 2004 Maurice Wilkes Computer Laboratory University of Cambridge The first stored program computers began to work around 1950. The one we built in Cambridge, the EDSAC was first used in the summer of 1949. These early experimental computers were built by peop
3、le like myself with varying backgrounds. We all had extensive experience in electronic engineering and were confident that that experience would stand us in good stead. This proved true, although we had some new things to learn. The most important of these was that transients must be treated correct
4、ly； what would cause a harmless flash on the screen of a television set could lead to a serious error in a computer. As far as computing circuits were concerned, we found ourselves with an embarass de richess. For example, we could use vacuum tube diodes for gates as we did in the EDSAC or pentodes
5、with control signals on both grids, a system widely used elsewhere. This sort of choice persisted and the term families of logic came into use. Those who have worked in the computer field will remember TTL, ECL and CMOS. Of these, CMOS has now become dominant. In those early years, the IEE was still
6、 dominated by power engineering and we had to fight a number of major battles in order to get radio engineering along with the rapidly developing subject of electronics.dubbed in the IEE light current electrical engineering.properly recognised as an activity in its own right. I remember that we had
7、some difficulty in organising a conference because the power engineers ways of doing things were not our ways. A minor source of irritation was that all IEE published papers were expected to start with a lengthy statement of earlier practice, something difficult to do when there was no earlier practice Consolidation in the 1960s
