1、 江 汉 大 学 文 理 学 院 College of Arts & Science of Jianghan University 毕业论文 外文翻译 外文来源 P u bl i c Wo rk s P ol i c y Imp l i c a t i on s of S u st a in a bl e Lo gi s ti c s Op e rat i on 中文译文 公共工程可持续发展的物流运作的政策启示 部 （系） 商 学 部 专 业 国 际 经 济 与 贸 易 姓 名 汪 亚 舟 学 号 2 00 8 0103 020 6 指导老师 林 晓 华 2012 年 4 月 15 日 Pub
2、lic Works Policy Implications of Sustainable Logistics Operation efficient and reliable transportation is crucial for effective RL, but this “cradle-tocradle” flow of materials, as opposed to the traditionally monodirectional flow, creates new demands on public infrastructure. The increasing adoptio
3、n of RL programs has the potential to exasperate some existing public works modes and bottlenecks. In some cases, it will require new infrastructure and policies. This research examines the literature and uses a model to begin to examine how public works efforts can improve private sector RL operati
4、ons. There are numerous disposition options for the returns, but to make RL sustainable, a lean and green approach must be institutionalized in processing returns (Fleischmann et al., 1997). Lean aspects account for the reclaiming of assets from returned products while keeping recovery costs to a mi
5、nimum and within the shortest time frame. Thus, RL may be an area where companies can gain a sizeable advantage over their competitors (Adebanjo & Xiao, 2006). Although green aspects account only for the environmentally proper disposal of returned goods, the public good arising from a combination of
6、 lean and green aspects leads to government involvement with the adoption of lean and green logistics. Supporting RL efforts by businesses can be an important component of community sustainability efforts as it encourages companies to recycle and reduce pollution. For example Exxon Mobil Oil Company
7、 has an RL system for used motor oil, which is important for the environment because just 1 gallon of used oil can contaminate 1 million gallons of water. The District of Columbia currently recycles 18.3% of the waste collected through the Department of Public Works residential collection program. I
8、t costs the district about US$25 to haul and dispose of 1 ton of recyclable materials and US$60 per ton of nonrecyclable trash (District of Columbia, 2011). If companies are responsible for their share of disposal through efficient RL operations, it is estimated that the district could be able to sa
9、ve 10% or more of its disposal costs. Apple has instituted an RL program in cities and college campuses in 95% of the countries where their products are sold, diverting more than 130.2 million pounds of equipment from landfills since 1994. In addition to being good for business, RL has a direct conn
10、ection to local sustainability efforts. Most of the RL-related policy research focus has been on environmental policy and RL, but there are less studied implications for public infrastructure management and policy. First, RL is expected to increase the movement of freight by 10%, and this will affec
11、t already congested transportation networks (Tibben-Lembke & Rogers, 2002). This means that transportation planners need to factor the increased and changed freight flows into their long-range transportation plans. Second, the new spatial requirements of industries embracing RL can affect public inf
12、rastructure. For example, hub-andspoke remanufacturing centers create significant truck traffic often involving hazardous materials. Third, existing hazardous waste regulations are not consistent from state to state； therefore, transporting demanufactured materials across state lines is a complex pr
13、ocess, and, in turn, there needs to be an evaluation of hazardous waste movement policies. Fourth, there needs to be more coordination with the waste management community and the location of facilities such as landfills. Finally, there are Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) implications becaus
14、e technologies such as radio frequency identification (RFID) and automated tracking, and so on will improve RL operations. RL is an aspect of sustainability that needs to be better understood by the public works management and policy community to help businesses be lean and green. This article begin
15、s the exploration of the relationship between RL and public works management and policy by examining the public worksrelated needs of business. According to the Reverse Logistics Executive Council (RLEC, 2011), the average annual cost of handling, transportation, and processing of returned products
16、in the United States is between 0.5% and 1% of the total U.S. GDP (gross domestic product； Santhanum, 2006). This estimate excludes disposition management, administration Downloaded from by guest on April 29, 2012Miller and Sarder 71 time, and the cost of converting unproductive returns into produc
17、tive assets. The overall amount of RL activities in the economy is growing, driven by a number of factors, including online sales (lvarez-Gil, Berrone, Husillos, & Lado, 2007； Pokharel & Mutha, 2009). The increasing volume of product returns necessitates the lean management of the RL. Typically retu
18、rns happen because something is wrong somewhere in the long supply chain pipeline. It is also to be noted that returns also happen even if all the businesses processes are perfect. The focus of much recent research is how to tap the former and analyze the reasons for returns from various supply chai
19、n actors point of view. After zeroing on the return reason for each actor, companies strive to use this feedback information for future purposes so that the number of returns is minimized and profits are improved. Thus, by improving a regions ability to conduct efficient RCS operations, public works agencies can support economic development.
