1、 1 外文原文 The Development of E-commerce Value creation in e-business Amit R, Zott C. Value E-commerce from the English ELECTRONIC COMMERCE, abbreviated as EC. The contents of two, the first electronic, and the other is commercial and trading activities. E-commerce can be seen as simply the use of simp
2、le, fast, low-cost electronic means of communication are not met buyers and sellers to conduct a variety of business activities. INTERNET With the technology become more sophisticated, the real development of e-commerce will be built on the INTERNET technology. Therefore, e-commerce can be seen on t
3、he Internet is an open network environment, based on browser / server applications, the realization of consumers shopping on the Internet, online transactions between businesses and on-line electronic payment of a new type of commercial operation. E-commerce in China began in 1997. Chinese goods ord
4、ers for the system (CGOS), China Commodities Trading Center (CCEC), a virtual Fair and other large-scale e-commerce projects have been launched in 1997, China has opened the prelude to the e-commerce. In 1998, the capital of e-commerce project launched in 1999 and 8848 on-line supermarket, marks the
5、 beginning of Chinese e-commerce into the period of rapid growth, Chinese e-commerce which officially started. In recent years, Chinas e-commerce although speculation is in full swing, but the actual promotion process, but also the effect of e-commerce remain at the primary level, in particular the
6、relevant laws and regulations are imperfect, the social credit system have yet to be improved in the To a certain extent, impeded the development of e-commerce. By recalling Chinas development of e-commerce, e-commerce on the current situation, problems, analyze the causes, and put forward solutions
7、 to this problem and look forward to the future development of the market When the technology bubble burst in 2000, the crazy valuations for online companies vanished with it, and many businesses folded. The survivors plugged on as best they could, encouraged by the growing number of internet users.
8、 Now valuations are rising again and some of the dotcoms are making real profits, but the business world has become much more cautious about the internets potential. The funny thing is that the wild predictions made at the height of the boomnamely, that vast chunks of the world economy would move in
9、to cyberspaceare, in one way or another, coming true. The raw numbers tell only part of the story. According to Americas Department of Commerce, online retail sales in the worlds biggest market last year rose by 26%, to $55 billion. That sounds a lot of money, but it amounts to only 1.6% of total re
10、tail sales. The vast majority of people still buy most things in the good old “bricks-and-mortar” world. 2 But the commerce departments figures deal with only part of the retail industry. For instance, they exclude online travel services, one of the most successful and fastest-growing sectors of e-c
11、ommerce. InterActiveCorp (IAC), the owner of and , alone sold $10 billion-worth of travel last yearand it has plenty of competition, not least from airlines, hotels and car-rental companies, all of which increasingly sell online. Nor do the figures take in things like financial services, ticket-sal
12、es agencies, pornography (a $2 billion business in America last year, according to Adult Video News, a trade magazine), online dating and a host of other activities, from tracing ancestors to gambling (worth perhaps $6 billion worldwide). They also leave out purchases in grey markets, such as the on
13、line pharmacies that are thought to be responsible for a good proportion of the $700m that Americans spent last year on buying cut-price prescription drugs from across the border in Canada. And there is more. The commerce departments figures include the fees earned by internet auction sites, but not
14、 the value of goods that are sold: an astonishing $24 billion-worth of trade was done last year on eBay, the biggest online auctioneer. Nor, by definition, do they include the billions of dollars-worth of goods bought and sold by businesses connecting to each other over the internet. Some of these B
15、2B services are proprietary； for example, Wal-Mart tells its suppliers that they must use its own system if they want to be part of its annual turnover of $250 billion. So e-commerce is already very big, and it is going to get much bigger. But the actual value of transactions currently concluded onl
16、ine is dwarfed by the extraordinary influence the internet is exerting over purchases carried out in the offline world. That influence is becoming an integral part of e-commerce. To start with, the internet is profoundly changing consumer behaviour. One in five customers walking into a Sears departm
17、ent store in America to buy an electrical appliance will have researched their purchase onlineand most will know down to a dime what they intend to pay. More surprisingly, three out of four Americans start shopping for new cars online, even though most end up buying them from traditional dealers. Th
18、e difference is that these customers come to the showroom armed with information about the car and the best available deals. Sometimes they even have computer print-outs identifying the particular vehicle from the dealers stock that they want to buy. Half of the 60m consumers in Europe who have an i
19、nternet connection bought products offline after having investigated prices and details online, according to a study by Forrester, a research consultancy (see chart 1). Different countries have different habits. In Italy and Spain, for instance, people are twice as likely to buy offline as online af
20、ter researching on the 3 internet. But in Britain and Germany, the two most developed internet markets, the numbers are evenly split. Forrester says that people begin to shop online for simple, predictable products, such as DVDs, and then graduate to more complex items. Used-car sales are now one of
21、 the biggest online growth areas in America. People seem to enjoy shopping on the internet, if high customer-satisfaction scores are any guide. Websites are doing ever more and cleverer things to serve and entertain their customers, and seem set to take a much bigger share of peoples overall spendin
22、g in the future. This has enormous implications for business. http:/ A company that neglects its website may be committing commercial suicide. A website is increasingly becoming the gateway to a companys brand, products and serviceseven if the firm does not sell online. A useless website suggests a
23、useless company, and a rival is only a mouse-click away. But even the coolest website will be lost in cyberspace if people cannot find it, so companies have to ensure that they appear high up in internet search results. For many users, a search site is now their point of entry to the internet. The b
24、est-known search engine has already entered the lexicon: people say they have “Googled” a company, a product or their plumber. The search business has also developed one of the most effective forms of advertising on the internet. And it is already the best way to reach some consumers: teenagers and
25、young men spend more time online than watching television. All this means that search is turning into the internets next big battleground as Google defends itself against challenges from Yahoo! and Microsoft. The other way to get noticed online is to offer goods and services through one of the big s
26、ites that already get a lot of traffic. Ebay, Yahoo! and Amazon are becoming huge trading platforms for other companies. But to take part, a companys products have to stand up to intense price competition. People check online prices, compare them with those in their local high street and may well ta
27、ke a peek at what customers in other countries are paying. Even if websites are prevented from shipping their goods abroad, there are plenty of web-based entrepreneurs ready to oblige. What is going on here is arbitrage between different sales channels, says Mohanbir Sawhney, professor of technology
28、 at the Kellogg School of Management in Chicago. For instance, someone might use the internet to research digital cameras, but visit a photographic shop for a hands-on demonstration. “Ill think about it,” they will tell the sales assistant. Back home, they will use a search engine to find the lowest price and buy online. In this way, consumers are “deconstructing the purchasing process”, http:/ says Professor Sawhney. They are unbundling product information from the transaction itself.
