1、PDF外文：http:/ 本科毕业设计 外文文献 及 译文 文献、资料题目： Estimates of the Operational Reliability of Fire Protection Systems 文献、资料来源： 网络 文献、资料发表（出版）日期： 2008.6 院 （部）： 市政与环境 工程学院 专 业： 给水排水工程 &nb
2、sp;班 级： 姓 名： 学 号： 指导教师： 翻译日期： 2008.6 - 1 - 外文 文献 ： Estimates of the Operational Reliability of Fire Protection Systems For the past three years， the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been
3、 working to develop a new encryption standard to keep government information secure The organization is in the final stages of an open process of selecting one or more algorithms， or data-scrambling formulas， for the new Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and plans to make adecision by late summer o
4、r early fall The standard is slated to go into effect next year Richard W. Bukowski, P.E. Senior Engineer MST Building and Fire Research Laboratory Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8642 USA Edward K. Budnick, P.E., and &n
5、bsp; Christopher F. Scheme1 Vice President Chemical Engineer Hughes Associates, Inc &nb
6、sp; Hughes Associates, Inc. Baltimore, MD 21227-1652USA Baltimore, MD 2 1227-1652USA INTRODUCTION &
7、nbsp;Background Fire protection strategies are designed and installed to perform specific functions. For example, a fire sprinkler system is expected to control or extinguish fires: To accomplish this, the system sprinklers must open, and the required amount of water
8、 to achieve control or extinguishment must be delivered to the fire location. A fire detection system is intended to provide sufficient early warning of a fireto permit occupant notification and escape, fire servicenotification, and in some cases activation of other fire prot
9、ection features (e.g., special extinguishing systems, smoke management systems). Both system activation (detection) and notification (alarm) must occur Times New Roman，小 4号， 1.5 倍行距 页眉：黑体， 5 号，居中 - 2 - to achieve early warning. Construction compartmentation is generally des
10、igned to limit the extent of fire spread as well as to maintain the buildings structural integrity as well as tenability along escape routes for some specified period of time. In order to accomplish this, the construction features must be fire “rated” (based on standard tests) and
11、the integrity of the features maintained. The reliability of individual fire protection strategies such as detection, automatic suppression, and construction compartmentation is important input to detailed engineering analyses associated with performance based design.
12、 In the context of safety systems, there are several elements of reliability, including both operational andperfornzance reliability. Operational reliability provides a measure of the probability that a fire protection system will operate as intended when needed.
13、;Performance reliability is a measure of the adequacy of the feature to successfully perform its intended hnction under specific fire exposure conditions. The former is a measure of component or system operability while the latter is a measure of the adequacy of the system de
14、sign. The scope of this study was limited to evaluation of operational reliability due primarily to the form of the reported data in the literature. In addition to this distinction between operational and performance reliability, the scope focused on unconditional estimates
15、of reliability and failure estimates in terms offail-dangerous outcomes. A discussion of these terms is provided later in the paper. &n
16、bsp; Scop This paper provides a review of reported operational reliability and performance estimates for (1) fire detection, (2) automatic suppression, and to a limited extent (3) construction compartmentation. In general, the reported estimates for fire detection are largely for smoke detectiodfire alarm systems； automatic sprinklers comprise most of the data for automatic suppression, and compartmentation includes compartment fire resistance and enclosure integrity.
