1、外文翻译之二 THE DEVELOPMENT OF CORPORATE CREDIT INFORMATION DATABASE AND CREDIT GUARANTEE SYSTEM FINAL DRAFT REPORT 作者： Dr. Sharifah Mariam Alhabshi， Mr. Abdullah Azmi Abd. Khalid Prof. Dr. Barjoyai Bardai 国籍： Malaysia 出处： University of Malaya 原文正文： 1、 conclusion Firstly, government efforts toward enhanc
2、ing the capability and capacity of SMEs as the country growth engine has been remarkable. Continuous multi-types assistance has been introduced for all levels of SMEs. Broadly success has been evident but not in all areas. Firstly, institutional issues relating to comprehending the various schemes a
3、nd identifying implementing agencies that run the schemes have confused not only SMEs but also financial institutions. Secondly, SME is dominated by micro enterprises. Demands and needs of micro enterprises may differ from small and definitely with medium enterprises. Therefore despite various effor
4、ts being introduced to enhance SMEs complaints are abound because the needs of micro enterprises have not been understood and therefore not met. For example, micro enterprises which started as cottage industries seldom have financial documentation to support their financial application and some have
5、 limited or no knowledge of the various financial schemes provided by government or financial institutions. Thirdly, the changing global environment has seen a mushrooming of of SMEs in Malaysia. The government has been developing and promoting SMEs but the results have been mixed, partly because po
6、licymakers were late in classifying the different needs and characteristics of micro, small and medium enterprises. The developments of diverse and internationally competitive SMEs are central towards achieving sustainable economic growth. SMEs have a key role to play in the wider development agenda
7、, especially in relation to poverty eradication and equitabledevelopment among the various ethnic groups in Malaysia. 2、 CGC: Issues and Problems 1. Being a public credit guarantee institution, CGC has capitalized its monopolistic position in the SME financial market. In terms of capitalization and
8、continuous funding, BNM and the financial institutions have always backed it. Without competition, it is able to completely control the credit guarantee market. This is unhealthy, particularly in terms of an effective check and balance. 2. The usual complaints from the participating banks is that th
9、e CGC is slow to process its guarantee covers and that the guarantee fees that it charges are, on the whole, too high. This is on top of the processing fees charged by the banks and CGC (in the case of the DAGS) and the interest payments. 3. CGCs response to the above is that the guarantee fee it ch
10、arges is not a burden, considering the fact that it is covering 80% of the risk as compared to the 20% risk carried by the banks. The guarantee fee is one of the sources of income for CGC. CGC states that this issue needs to be corrected and resolved immediately through a negotiated policy decision.
11、 4. Many SMEs have voiced their grievances on the long bureaucratic time for CGC to arrive at its decisions for the guarantee covers. There have been cases where documents already submitted have either been misplaced or lost. On the issue of delays in processing the loans and guarantees, the CGC sta
12、tes that this is often due to the submission of incomplete documents and late submission of documents or information by the applicants. 5. From the CGCs perspective, this asymmetrical information is mainly due to the inexperience and an inadequate understanding by the SMEs in preparing loan document
13、ation process. The CGC also stress that the business proposal from SMEs must be viable and based on its internal 5Cs criteria - Credit, Character, Capacity, Collateral and Condition. 6. Additionally, to improve the information flow in the application process, CGC suggests that this could be done by
14、expanding advisory and hand-holding services. One avenue would be leveraging on the services of the SME Credit Bureau, which serves as a one-stop centre of information on SMEs. But this would take some time since the SME Credit Bureau which is owned by CGC only started operations in 2008. 7. There h
15、ave also been cases where the participating banks have approved the loans (non-DAGS) of some SMEs but were finally rejected by the CGC. No concrete reasons were given for the rejections. 8. The public image of the CGC and its employees is not that good. This could be due to its complacency as a mono
16、polistic public guarantee provider. It has rarely communicated well with the public. To this criticism, CGC mentions that it has a well-packaged on-going corporate communication programme including road shows and media coverage, except television. 3、 Policy Discussion, Future Development of SMEs and
17、 Credit Guarantee Cooperation Broadly this study examines the current situation of the credit registries and bureaus in Malaysia, and the future prospects for their development； to scrutinise adequate institutional frameworks of credit information database for firms, especially SMEs； to consider a s
18、uitable regional cooperation mechanism to create a harmonised information sharing system； to review the current situation of the credit guarantee system, and identify the challenges for developing the credit guarantee system. Accordingly, we have surveyed 652 SMEs and interviewed the Credit Guarante
19、e Corporation (CGC), the SME Credit Bureau, selected commercial banks, development financial institutions and government agencies. These surveys and interviews may be subject to various limitations, bearing in mind the time and financial constraints. Nevertheless, the policy suggestions that we put
20、forward for consideration regarding the future development of the credit registry/ bureau and the credit guarantee system in Malaysia are aimed at enhancing and strengthening the SMEs in Malaysia. In line with the ASEAN blueprint which encourages synergy between private and public sectors in enhanci
21、ng SMEs development, commercial banks, DFIs and government agencies in Malaysia are rigorously collaborating with, guiding and financing for SMEs development. The blueprint is confirming the improvement that has been made by SMEs within a period of less than five years (this is based on DOS survey o
22、f 2003 and Bank Negara Report 2007). Nevertheless for reasons explained in this report, (Table 5.1) many SMEs are still dissatisfied with services provided to them. One can look at this discontent from two perspectives. On the one hand government agencies, financial institutions have succeeded in ed
23、ucating and exposing the SME of available opportunities. Indeed some have taken the challenge even to the extent of exploring the possibility of entering the international market. On the other hand, some, due to technical and social reasons, simply cannot keep pace rapid development of SMEs. The gap is incrementally been bridged as discussed in this concluding chapter. 4、 Possible Routes of Developing the CGC in Malaysia in Meeting SMEs Financing Needs
