1、PDF外文：http:/ -1 外文翻译 On the industrial ecology potential in Asian Developing Countries Author： S.F Chiu Nationality： Philippines Source： “On the industrial ecology potential in Asian Developing Countries" Journal of Cleaner Production.Volume.12, Issues 8-10, Pages 1037-1
2、045. October-December 2004 1 Introduction The economy of the Asian Developing Countries (ADCs) is the largest in the developing world. The Asian economy has experienced the most rapid increase of its history during the last two decades. However, as with economic growth of the entire indu
3、strial world, this increase has generated severe environmental challenges. The ADCs moved quickly to encourage local industrialization and attract foreign investment in the absence of a comprehensive sustainable development scheme. There is some encouraging evidence that industrial ecology is beginn
4、ing to yield positive benefits in ADCs. Some activities are spontaneous； they were economy and technology-driven. Others were introduced and partnered with international organizations, such as the United Nations Development Programmed (UNDP) PRIME project in the Philippines, United Nations Environme
5、ntal Programme (UNEP) project in China, Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) involvement in Thailand and China, and ADB project in Sri Lanka. All these projects have comprehensive benefits, but there are still many barriers and difficulties. Since ADCs have different political, e
6、conomic, environmental and resource constraints than the economies in developed countries, ADCs need to review and craft suitable strategies to put industrial ecology into place, instead of using the models developed for developed countries. Chinas central government pays attention to environmental
7、protection and -2 supports the application and development of environmental management strategies, such as industrial ecology. As the national agency of environmental protection, the State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) led the first EIP project in Guigang, Guangxi Zhuang Auto
8、nomous region in 2000. In October 2001, the department of Science, Technology and Standard in SEPA initiated another EIP demonstration project in Yantai, Shandong province. Meanwhile, SEPA is preparing to develop relevant policies to support the application of industrial ecology. Preventive strategi
9、es, such as cleaner production, have been included into the law in 2002. Another important initiative of SEPA is the Circular Economy Demonstration project in Liaoning province, the biggest heavy industry base in China. Under this project, some EIP projects will be initiated in Shenyang, Dalian, Ans
10、han, and Yingkou, and some efforts on integrated materials management will take place at the municipal level. On the basis of these, a virtual eco-industrial network (EIN) at the provincial level will be established that will focus on improving eco-efficiency and provide other regions with a working
11、 model。 The developing economies are looking up to the strategies put in place by their developed neighbors. Taiwan, Korea, and Japan have launched industrial ecology programs. Japan was the first to introduce several recycling oriented economic society programs such as the ecotown project, pr
12、oduct stewardship and corporate social responsibility. The Taiwan government approved the establishment of two environmental technology parks in Hua Lian and Kaohsiung in January 2003。 The Korean National Cleaner Production Center recently started the task leading a 15-year, three-phase establ
13、ishment of EIP networks nationwide. An overview of many Asia Pacific eco-industrial development initiatives revealed that, EIPs have been understood initially as an holistic system and integrated system； but when the projects were started, they often only carry out exercises of material or by-produc
14、t exchanges without conducting an estate-wide inventory and analysis of resource flows and their balances. Furthermore, only a very few initiatives have gone beyond material flows； for example, such questions as the management and organizational arrangements for inter-organizational and network mana
15、gement platforms and systems or the planning of community and stakeholder participation have been given very little attention, because the focus has mainly been on the physical flows of matter and energy. The design of industrial ecology initiatives is very inflexible and restricted by the nature of
16、 the industrial estates in ADCs, i.e. some -3 include big multinational companies while others are occupied by numerous SMEs. These situational factors of ADCs led to the following conclusions on the important Asian EID issues. First, there is the question of the terminology usage. The
17、terms and concepts applied have included eco-industrial development EID, EIP, EIN or industrial symbiosis. Second, there is a need for an organized plan to improve the communication of industrial ecology concepts to various stakeholders like business, government and the general public. This part is
18、critical for the successful implementation of the industrial ecology concepts. Third, ADCs must create policies both at the local and national level that will assist in the recognition of the importance of the eco-industrial development approach. Fourth, the lack of financial support for the industr
19、ial ecology projects must be addressed. Fifth, continuous research and development must be conducted in order to improve the ability to adapt to the changing economic and social conditions in ADCs. Studies must be made to further develop the knowledge on how to better define indicators 。 Documentati
20、on of the research work and case studies must be enhanced. 2、 Analyses Strengths Developing economic structures. After the 1997 financial crisis, the Asia Pacific country economies recovered quickly. Foreign investment and domestic industrialization, for example in China, h
21、as increased substantially. This situation will provide the region with a rich diversity of industrial and other societal actors. Such diversity will open up new paths to innovation, learning and cooperation. Human resources. There is obviously an abundance of human resources in Asia and the Pacific
22、 region. Research. The academia and research institutions have already gathered some important eco-industrial development experience, as they have long been involved in several regional and international industrial ecology initiatives. The role of the government. Some key drivers of industrial ecology projects
