1、附录 1 英文原文 Power - have transmission double fuzzy hybrid electric cars AbstractIn this paper, an innovative power-split device (PSD) is introduced, and its application in a hybrid power train system is studied. The new PSD is a mechanism that allows operation in two different power-split modes throug
2、h locking/unlocking of two clutches. In one mode, the PSD operates similar to a standard planetary gear unit, and in the other mode, it works the same as a compound planetary set. A well-known analogous system is the Toyota Hybrid System (THS) and is used for comparison purposes. It is demonstrated
3、that by the new system, the transmission losses are reduced by a considerable extent, and thus, the efficiency is improved. A controller is designed based on fuzzy logic, which receives the battery state of charge (SOC), the vehicle speed, and the power that is requested at the wheels to coordinate
4、each component in such a way as to optimize the entire system efficiency. A numerical optimization algorithm is applied to sustain the SOC in high regions and shift engine operating points to higher efficiency regions. Simulation results demonstrate notable improvements in fuel economy and performan
5、ce characteristics. Index TermsDual mode, electronically controlled continuously variable transmission (E-CVT), fuzzy logic, hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), optimization, power split, power train control， Toyota Hybrid System (THS). I. INTRODUCTION HYBRID electric vehicles (HEVs) offer flexibility to
6、 enhance the fuel economy and emissions of vehicles without sacrificing vehicle performance factors such as safety, reliability, and other conventional vehicle features. This has prompted researchers to make efforts to develop innovative hybrid powertrain configurations and associated issues such as
7、 component sizing and control strategies. The benefit of series hybrid vehicles is independence of engine operation on the instantaneous vehicle load and speed, and their main disadvantage is the relatively large energy-conversion losses. The benefit of parallel hybrid vehicles is lower transmission
8、energy-conversion losses, and their disadvantage is the direct connection of the engine to the wheels and associated transient engine operation with respect to the vehicle speed. Power-split hybrid systems, which are also known as series/ parallel hybrids, are more beneficial because they have the a
9、dvantages of both parallel and series types, and their drawbackscan be avoided. The combination of two motors/generatorsallows the engine to drive the first as a generator to either charge the battery or supply power to the motor. Among numerous power-split transmission designs, two configurations k
10、nown as single-mode and two-mode power-split transmissions havebeen commercially successful. The single-mode system is used in Toyota hybrid cars such as Prius and Camry hybrid models, and the two-mode system can be found in the 2008 GMC Yukon Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV) and the 2008 Chevrolet Tahoe
11、 SUV. The Toyota Hybrid System (THS) enables the engine tooperate at its efficient regions, independent of the vehicle speed,and in fact, it provides an electronically controlled continuouslyvariable transmission (E-CVT). The power-split device (PSD),which is a planetary gear unit, divides the power
12、 from the engine,and the ratio of power directly going to the wheels and tothe generator is continuously variable . Consequently, thereare still energy conversion losses that decrease transmissionefficiency, especially in particular driving conditions.Other types of power-split transmissions are als
13、o available, andcomparative analyses can be found . Fuzzy- or rule-based control algorithms are suitable tools for power management strategies in power-split hybrids, and this technique has been used in many research works . In this paper, an innovative powertrain that utilizes a new PSD is introduc
14、ed. The PSD provides a mechanical connection between engine, two motors/generators (MG1 and MG2), and the rotational shaft that transmits the drive force to the wheels. The powertrain utilizes two clutches to toggle the engagement of the larger motor/generator (MG2) with two rotational shafts: one t
15、hat is directly connected to wheels via differential and the other that is interrelated by the PSD. This way, the possibility of operation in two electromechanical power-split operating modes is achieved. In one mode, the PSD operates like a standard planetary gear unit, and in the other mode, the P
16、SD works the same as a compound planetary set. II. POWERTRAIN DESCRIPTION Fig1 depicts the overall layout of the hybrid transmission system mainly consisting of the PSD, two motors/generators, two clutches (clutch 1 and clutch 2), and reduction gears. The device connections and operation can be bett
17、er understood from Fig2. The two clutches that are shown in Fig. 1 enable the system to operate intwo different modes by toggling the engagement of the larger motor/generator (MG2) with two rotational shafts. When clutch 2 is engaged (and clutch 1 is disengaged), MG2 is directly linked to the wheels
18、 via the differential, and the PSD operatesequivalent to a planetary gear system (PG mode). When clutch 1 is engaged (and clutch 2 is disengaged), MG2 is interrelated by the PSD, and the differential mode is defined. In this mode, engine, MG1, and MG2 are connected to the rotational shaft R, which transmits the drive force to thewheels. Fig1. Powertrain overall configuration (MG1 and MG2 stators are fixed tothe vehicle body)
