1、 1 论机电一体化的发展 By integration of machinery development 现代科学技术的不断发展，极大地推动了不同学科的交叉与渗透，导致了工程领域的技术革命与改造 ,在机械工程领域，由于微电子技术和计算机技术的迅速发展及其向机械工业的渗透所形成的机电一体化，使机械工业的技术结构、产品机构、功能与构成、生产方式及管理体系发生了巨大变化，使工业生产由“机械电气化”迈入了“机电一体化”为特征的发展阶段。 The modern science and technology unceasing development, impelled different discipl
2、ine intersecting enormously with the seepage, has caused the project domain technological revolution and the transformation, in mechanical engineering domain, because the microelectronic technology and the computer technology rapid development and forms to the mechanical industry seepage the integra
3、tion of machinery, caused the mechanical industry the technical structure, the product organization, the function and the constitution, the production method and the management system has had the huge change, caused the industrial production to enter into “the integration of machinery” by “the machi
4、nery electrification” for the characteristic development phase. 一、 机电一体化概要 First, the integration of machinery outline 机电一体化是指在机 构得主功能、动力功能、信息处理功能和控制功能上引进电子技术，将机械装置与电子化设计及软件结合起来所构成的系统的总称。 Integration of machinery is refers in the organization new owner function, the power function, in the informatio
5、n processing function and the control function introduces the electronic technology, unifies the system the mechanism and the computerization design and the software which constitutes always to call. 机电一体化发展至今也已成为一门有着自身体系的新型学科，随着科学技术的不但发展，还将被赋予新的内容 ,但其基本特征可概括为：机电一体化是从系 2 统的观点出发，综合运用机械技术、微电子技术、自动控制技术
6、、计算机技术、信息技术、传感测控技术、电力电子技术、接口技术、信息变换技术以及软件编程技术 等群体技术，根据系统功能目标和优化组织目标，合理配置与布局各功能单元，在多功能、高质量、高可靠性、低能耗的意义上实现特定功能价值，并使整个系统最优化的系统工程技术 ,由此而产生的功能系统，则成为一个机电一体化系统或机电一体化产品。 The integration of machinery development also has become one to have until now own system new discipline, not only develops along with the
7、 science and technology, but also entrusts with the new content, but its basic characteristic may summarize is: The integration of machinery is embarks from the system viewpoint, synthesis community technologies and so on utilization mechanical technology, microelectronic technology, automatic contr
8、ol technology, computer technology, information technology, sensing observation and control technology, electric power electronic technology, connection technology, information conversion technology as well as software programming technology, according to the system function goal and the optimized o
9、rganization goal, reasonable disposition and the layout various functions unit, in multi-purpose, high grade, redundant reliable, in the low energy consumption significance realize the specific function value, and causes the overall system optimization the systems engineering technology, from this p
10、roduces function system, then becomes an integration of machinery systematic or the integration of machinery product. 因此，“机电一体化”涵盖“技术”和“产品”两个方面 ,只是，机电一体化技术是基于上述群体技术有机融合的一种综合技术，而不是机械技术、微电子技术以及其它新技术的简单组合、拼凑。这是机电一体化与机械加电气所形成的机械电气化在概念上的根本区别 ,机械工程技术有纯技术发展到机械电气化，仍属传统机械，其主要功能依然是代替和放大的体力 ,但是发展到机电一体化后，其中的微电子
11、装置除可取代某些机械部件的原有功能外，还能赋予许多新的功能，如自动检测、自动处理信息、自动显示记录、自动调节与控制自动诊断与保护等 ,即机电一体化产品不仅是 人的手与肢体的延伸，还是人的感官与头脑的眼神，具 有智能化的特征是机电一体化与机械电气化在功能上的本质区别。 3 Therefore, “the integration of machinery” covering “the technology” and “the product” two aspects, only are, the integration of machinery technology is based on the
12、 above community technology organic fusion one kind of comprehensive technology, but is not mechanical technical, the microelectronic technology as well as other new technical simple combination, pieces together, this is the integration of machinery and the machinery adds the machinery electrificati
13、on which the electricity forms in the concept basic difference, the mechanical engineering technology has the merely technical to develop the machinery electrification, still was the traditional machinery, its main function still was replaces with the enlargement physical strength, after but develop
14、ed the integration of machinery, micro electron installment eliminated may substitute for certain mechanical parts original Outside function, but also can entrust with many new functions, like the automatic detection, the automatic reduction information, demonstrate the record, the automatic control
15、 and the control automatic diagnosis and the protection automatically and so on, not only namely the integration of machinery product is humans hand and body extending, humans sense organ and the brains look, has the intellectualized characteristic is the integration of machinery and the machinery e
16、lectrification distinguishes in the function essence. 二、机电一体化的发展状况 Second, the integration of machinery development condition 机电一体化的发展大体可以分为 3 个阶段 ,20 世纪 60 年代以前为第一阶段，这一阶段称为初级阶段 ,在这一时期，人们自觉不自觉地利用电子技术的初步成果来完善机械产品的性能。特别是在第二次世界大战期间，战争刺激了机械产品与电子技术的结合，这些机电结合的军用技术，战后转为民用，对战后经济的恢复起了积极的作用 ,那时研制和开发从总体上看还处于自发状态 ,由于当时电子技术的发展尚未达到一定水平，机械技术与电子技术的结合还不可能广泛和深入发展，已经开发的产品也无法大量推广 。
