1、 附录一：外文翻译 Earthquake Research in China Research on the Seismic-GeologicalConditionsfor a Large TransformerSubstation A Case Study in theShimian Region , Sichuan Province He Yulin1 ,2) , He Honglin3) and Li Yong1) 1) Chengdu University of Technology , Chengdu 610059 , China 2) Earthquake Administrati
2、on of Sichuan Province , Chengdu 610041 , China 3) Institute of Geology , CEA , Beijing 100029 , China A seismic-geological disaster can obviously affect an engineering site in three aspects : the first isground faulting caused by the earthquake ； the second is strong ground motion ； the third isgeo
3、logical disasters such as landslides , mud-rock flows and liquefaction. Through the casestudy of selection of the huge transformer substation in the Shimian region of SichuanProvince , this paper proposes that the activity pattern and spatial distribution of faults near thesite are crucial factors f
4、or evaluating the seismic-geological conditions for the location ofhugetransformer substations. Key words : Seismic disaster ； Huge transformer substation ； Active fault ； Safe distance ； Shimian region INTRODUCTION Large transformer substations belong to significant electric power engineering and t
5、heir futuresafety are crucial . Damage to these facilities , e. g. by earthquake , can cause tremendous direct andindirect economic losses. The ground motioaccelerations caused by the January 17 . 1995 , M.2Kobe , Japan earthquake exceeded theJapanese seismic design standard for electric power syste
6、msissued in 1980 , so the electric power system in the earthquake-stricken region was severely damaged. The statistics show the economic loss of the Kansai Electric Power Co. , Inc. alone reached 230 billionyuan (RMB) 2.The major damage caused by this earthquake to the electric power equipment was t
7、hetilting and toppling of transformers due to soil liquefaction , which led to damage to transformers ,circuit breakers , lightning arresters and power distribution lines , including the damage to porcelain 1 Received on April 10 , 2006 ； revised on December 7 , 20061 This project was sponsored by t
8、he National 973 Programme of China (4047109) . 2 N. Kawai. Damage to power system during 1995 Kobe earthquake. The 12th IISEE SEMINAR on Seismology & Earthquake Engineering , 1998. bushing shells of transformers at five 275 KV substations , one 187 KV substation and four 77 KVsubstations. There was
9、a power cut for a long time in the quake-stricken region due to the breakdownof electric power equipment , which severely hampered the efforts of emergency disaster relief andhence aggravated the disaster.China is an earthquake-prone country. The previous earthquake cases demonstrate severe seismicd
10、amage to electric power facilities too. With the constant development of the economy in China ,especially in the West China development drive , many important electric power facilities have been orwill be constructed. Owing to the frequent strong earthquake activities in the west part of China , the
11、study on the seismogeological conditions in the selection of the sites of these electric power facilitieshas become very important . 1 SEISMOGEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR THE SITE OF LARGE ELECTRICPOWERFACILITIES As is well known , a seismic disaster can obviously affect the engineering site in three as
12、pects :the first is ground faulting caused by the earthquake ； the second is strong ground motion ； and the thirdis earthquakeinduced geological disasters such as landslides , mud-rock flows and liquefaction. So thelargest influencing factors in seismogeology on an engineering site are active faults
13、 and seismicintensity. The large electric power facilities should be located in relatively tectonically stable areas ,i.e. areas with little influence fromfaults and lower seismic intensity. According to the electric powerindustry standards of China-Technical code for investigation of geotechnical e
14、ngineering of fossil fuelpower plants DLPT507421997 (Ministry of Power Industry , 1997) and the characteristics of actualseismic disasters , we should take measures to keep away fromfaults that may affect the stability of thesite area during site investigation for large power facilities. The distanc
15、e to the fault depends on theactivity level and the dimensions of the fault , the thickness of the overburdens , the seismic intensityand so on. Generally it can be determined according to Table 1 as below: Table 1 The safety distance of large electric power facility site to fault and the measures t
16、o be taken Classification of fault Safety distance and measures : Holocene intensely active fault and seismogenicfault (fault slip rate v 1.0mm/a ； with historicalearthquake of M 6.0) When basic intensity is ,the safety distance is 2000m3000m away from fault ；When basic intensity is , thesafety dist
17、ance is 1000m 2000m away from fault ； Andthe lower plate of fault is suggested for the site :Late Quaternary moderate active fault (1.0 v 011mm/a ,with historical earthquake of 6.0 M 5.0) The safety distance is 500m 1000m away from fault :Early Quaternary weak active fault ( v 510) Be away from faul
18、t and be sure that the buildings don tspan the fault :Pre-Quaternary active fault The fault effect on site can be ignored , but the fault crushbelt shall be treated as uneven base Note : Adapted from Technical code for investigation of geotechnical engineering of fossil fuel power plant (DLPT 507419
19、97)So , regarding the seismic and geological safety for large electric power facilities , there are twomajor influencing factors , one is the earthquake intensity and the other is the activity of the fault andits spatial distribution relation to the engineering site. 2 CASE STUDIESTHE SELECTION OF T
20、HE SITE FOR THE 500KV TRANSFORMERSUBSTATION IN SHIMIAN, SICHUAN PROVINCE, CHINA An Overview of the Studied AreaThe Shimian , Sichuan area is located in the high mountainous area in the west of China , withabundant water resources. The Dadu river runs through the area with a length of 84km. There are
21、 27branch rivers in the area with a catchment area of over 30km2 each , e. g. the nanya river , theXiaoshui river , the Songlin river , and the Tianwan river , so on. The natural runoff volume in the areais 27.3 billion cubic meters , and the exploitable hydro-energy resource is 4 ,500 megawatt . Re
22、cently ,various kinds of hydro-power stations were or will be constructed in and around this area. So , theimportance of choosing the proper sites for large electric power substations is self-evident . The electricpower department selected four candidate sites in the area for evaluation , i . e. the Wajiao site , theSonglin site , the Sudaping site and the Meiluo site (Fig. 1) .The area is featured
