1、 Intelligent Vehicle Our society is awash in “machine intelligence” of various kinds.Over the last century, we have witnessed more and more of the “drudgery” of daily living being replaced by devices such as washing machines. One remaining area of both drudgery and danger, however, is the daily act
2、ofdriving automobiles. 1.2million people were killed in traffic crashes in 2002, which was 2.1% of all globaldeaths and the 11th ranked cause of death . If this trend continues, an estimated 8.5 million people will be dying every year in road crashes by 2020. in fact, the U.S. Department of Transpor
3、tation has estimated the overall societal cost of road crashes annually in the United States at greater than $230 billion . when hundreds or thousands of vehicles are sharing the same roads at the same time, leading to the all too familiar experience of congested traffic. Traffic congestion undermin
4、es our quality of life in the same way air pollution undermines public health.Around 1990, road transportation professionals began to apply them to traffic and road management. Thus was born the intelligent transportation system (ITS). Starting in the late 1990s, ITS systems were developed and deplo
5、yed。 In developed countries, travelers today have access to signifi- cant amounts of information about travel conditions, whether they are driving their own vehicle or riding on public transit systems. As the world energy crisis, and the war and the energy consumption of oil - and are full of energy
6、, in one day, someday it will disappear without a trace. Oil is not in resources. So in oil consumption must be clean before finding a replacement. With the development of science and technology the progress of the society, people invented the electric car. Electric cars will become the most ideal o
7、f transportation. In the development of world each aspect is fruitful, especially with the automobile electronic technology and computer and rapid development of the information age. The electronic control technology in the car on a wide range of applications, the application of the electronic devic
8、e, cars, and electronic technology not only to improve and enhance the quality and the traditional automobile electrical performance, but also improve the automobile fuel economy, performance, reliability and emissions purification. Widely used in automobile electronic products not only reduces the
9、cost and reduce the complexity of the maintenance. From the fuel injection engine ignition devices, air control and emission control and fault diagnosis to the body auxiliary devices are generally used in electronic control technology, auto development mainly electromechanical integration. Widely us
10、ed in automotive electronic control ignition system mainly electronic control fuel injection system, electronic control ignition system, electronic control automatic transmission, electronic control (ABS/ASR) control system, electronic control suspension system, electronic control power steering sys
11、tem, vehicle dynamic control system, the airbag systems, active belt system, electronic control system and the automatic air-conditioning and GPS navigation system etc. With the system response, the use function of quick car, high reliability, guarantees of engine power and reduce fuel consumption a
12、nd emission regulations meet standards. The car is essential to modern traffic tools. And electric cars bring us infinite joy will give us the physical and mental relaxation. Take for example, automatic transmission in road, can not on the clutch, can achieve automatic shift and engine flameout, not
13、 so effective improve the driving convenience lighten the fatigue strength. Automatic transmission consists mainly of hydraulic torque converter, gear transmission, pump, hydraulic control system, electronic control system and oil cooling system, etc. The electronic control of suspension is mainly u
14、sed to cushion the impact of the body and the road to reduce vibration that car getting smooth-going and stability. When the vehicle in the car when the road uneven road can according to automatically adjust the height. When the car ratio of height, low set to gas or oil cylinder filling or oil. If
15、is opposite, gas or diarrhea. To ensure and improve the level of driving cars driving stability. Variable force power steering system can significantly change the driver for the work efficiency and the state, so widely used in electric cars. VDC to vehicle performance has important function it can a
16、ccording to the need of active braking to change the wheels of the car, car motions of state and optimum control performance, and increased automobile adhesion, controlling and stability. Besides these, appear beyond 4WS 4WD electric cars can greatly improve the performance of the value and ascendin
17、g simultaneously. ABS braking distance is reduced and can keep turning skills effectively improve the stability of the directions simultaneously reduce tyre wear. The airbag appear in large programs protected the driver and passengers safety, and greatly reduce automobile in collision of drivers and
18、 passengers in the buffer, to protect the safety of life. Intelligent electronic technology in the bus to promote safe driving and that the other functions. The realization of automatic driving through various sensors. Except some smart cars equipped with multiple outside sensors can fully perceptio
19、n of information and traffic facilities and to judge whether the vehicles and drivers in danger, has the independent pathfinding, navigation, avoid bump, no parking fees etc. Function. Effectively improve the safe transport of manipulation, reduce the pilot fatigue, improve passenger comfort. Of cou
20、rse battery electric vehicle is the key, the electric car battery mainly has: the use of lead-acid batteries, nickel cadmium battery, the battery, sodium sulfide sodium sulfide lithium battery, the battery, the battery, the flywheel zinc - air fuel cell and solar battery, the battery. In many kind o
21、f cells, the fuel cell is by far the most want to solve the problem of energy shortage car. Fuel cells have high pollution characteristics, different from other battery, the battery, need not only external constantly supply of fuel and electricity can continuously steadily. Fuel cell vehicles (FCEV)
22、 can be matched with the car engine performance and fuel economy and emission in the aspects of superior internal-combustion vehicles. ic car from ordinary consumers distance is still very far away, only a few pAlong with the computer and electronic product constantly upgrading electric car, open cl
23、ass in mature technology and perfected, that drive more safe, convenient and flexible, comfortable. Now, the electreople in bandwagon. Electric cars with traditional to compete in the market, the car Will was electric cars and intelligent car replaced. This is the question that day after timing will
24、 come. ABS, GPS, and various new 4WD 4WS, electronic products and the modern era, excellent performance auto tacit understanding is tie-in, bring us unparalleled precision driving comfort and safety of driving. The hardware and software of the intelligent vehicle are designed based on AVR.This syste
25、m could set the route in advance. The vehicle could communicate with the PC vianRF401 and could run safely with the help of ultra sound detection and infrared measuring circuit.Neural network self- study is used to improve the intelligence of the vehicle. The performance of servo systems will determ
26、ine the property of the robot Based on AVRseries MCU， the velocity servo system for driving motor is created in this paper， including a discrete PIregulator which will work out a PWM control signal with applying the skill of integral separation The velocities of motors will be controlled real time w
27、ith the speed sampling frequency set for 2KHz by using the AVR GCC compiler software development Compared to the servo system development based on the 51 Series MCU， the system here has these advantages of simpler peripheral circuit and faster data processing The experiments demonstrate that， the mo
28、bile robot runs stably and smoothly by the control of AVR units， and that the design proposal especially benefits the development of intelligent mobile robots， also can be widely used in the development of other smart devices and product lines A new design of contest robot cont rol system based on A
29、VR Atmega8 was put forward. According to the character of contest robot , the main cont rol unit , motor drive unit , sense detection unit and LCDdisplay unit wereintroduced. Furthermore the servo driver system based on MCBL3006S , the line t racker sensor system and the obstacle avoidance sensor sy
30、stem were presented in detail. Finally the performance showsthat the cont rol system is open , simple , easy programming , intelligent and efficiency. Avoidance rules of intelligent vehicle obstacle are introducted. Through the collection of infrared sensor formation, the rules use diode D1 to launc
31、h and diode D2 to receive infrared signals. Infrared transmitter signal without a dedicated circuit comes directly from the MCU clock frequency, which not only simplifie the circuit and debugging, but also make the circuit stability and anti- jamming capability greatly enhanced. After the experiment
32、al verification, the system runs reliably meet the design requirements. A smart car control sys tem of the path informat ion identif ied based on CCD camera was introduced. The hardware s truc ture and scheme were designed. The contro l strategy of s teering mechanismwas presented. T he smart car no
33、t only can identify the road prec isely, but also have antinterference performance, and small s teady state error. This article designed smartcar system,includes the aspects of the sensor information acquisition and processing, motor drive, control algorithm and control strategy etc.Using laser sens
34、or to collect the road information which can feedback to the microcontroller control system,then making analytical processing combined with the software.With velocity feedback and PID control algorithms to control steering engine and the speed of smartcar.Verified by actual operation, this method ma
35、kes smartcar travel stably and reliably， and its average speed to reach 2.6m /s, and get a satisfied results. By the aid o f the pro fessio na l know ledge of contr ol, patter n recog nitio n, senso r t echnolog y, aut omotive elect ronics, elect ricit y, computer, machiner y and so on, an intellige
36、nt vehicle system is designed with PID control a lg orithm,CCD detection system and H C9SDG128 M CU. Codew arr ior IDE integr ated dev elo pment pro gr amming env ir onment is taken as a basic softw are platform t hat can aut omatically deal w ith the traffic and image pro cessing, and then adjust t
37、he mo ving direction along the scheduled or bit by t he aid of a CCD camera. The system has many advantages, such as hig h r eliability , high stability, good speedability and scalability. Based on the research background of the Free-Scale smart car competition， a smart trackfollowing car is designed. In the car, the photo electricity sensor is used to check the path and obtain the information of racing road, andcalculate the error between the car and the black line. The fuzzy control is used to control the velocity of the car. The experiments show that the smart car based on the
