1、 1 Hydraulic System 液压系统 Hydraulic presser drive and air pressure drive hydraulic fluid as the transmission is made according to the 17th century, Pascals principle of hydrostatic pressure to drive the development of an emerging technology, the United Kingdom in 1795 Braman Joseph (Joseph Braman ,17
2、49-1814), in London water as a medium to form hydraulic press used in industry, the birth of the worlds first hydraulic press. Media work in 1905 will be replaced by oil-water and further improved. 液压传动和气压传动称为流体 传动，是根据 17 世纪帕斯卡提出的液体静压力传动原理而发展起来的一门新兴技术， 1795 年英国约瑟夫布拉曼 (Joseph Braman,1749-1814)，在伦敦用水作
3、为工作介质，以水压机的形式将其应用于工业上，诞生了世界上第一台水压机。 1905 年将工作介质水改为油，又进一步得到改善。 After the World War I (1914-1918) ,because of the extensive application of hydraulic transmission, espec- ially after 1920, more rapid development. Hydraulic components in the late 19th century about the early 20th century, 20 years, only
4、 started to enter the formal phase of industrial production. 1925 Vickers (F. Vikers) the invention of the pressure balanced vane pump, hydraulic components for the modern industrial or hydraulic transmission of the gradual establishment of the foundation. The early 20th century G Constantimscofluct
5、- uations of the energy carried out by passing theoretical and practical research； in 1910 on the hydraulic trans- mission (hydraulic coupling, hydraulic torque converter, etc.) contributions, so that these two areas of develo- pment. 第一次世界大战 (1914-1918)后液压传动广泛应用，特别是 1920 年以后，发展更为迅速。液压元件大约在 19 世纪末 2
6、0 世纪初的 20 年间，才开始进入正规的工业生产阶段。 1925 年维克斯 (F.Vikers)发明了压力平衡式叶片泵 ,为近代液压元件工业或液压传动的逐步建立奠定了基础。 20 世纪初康斯坦丁尼斯克 (GConstantimsco)对能量波动传递所进行的理论及实际研究 ；1910 年对液力传动 (液力联轴节、液力变矩器等 )方面的贡献，使这两方面领域得到了发展。 The Second World War (1941-1945) period, in the United States 30% of machine tool applications in the hydraulic tra
7、nsmission. It should be noted that the development of hydraulic transmission in Japan than Europe and the United States and other countries for nearly 20 years later. Before and after in 1955, the rapid development of Japans hydraulic drive, set up in 1956, Hydraulic Industry. Nearly 20 to 30 years,
8、 the development of Japans fast hydraulic transmission, a world leader. 第二次世界大战 (1941-1945)期间 ,在美国机床中有 30%应用了液压传动。应该指出 ,日本液压传动的发展较欧美等国家晚了近 20 多年。在 1955 年前后 , 日本迅速发展液压传动 ,1956 年成立了“液压工业会”。近 2030 年间，日本液压传动发展之快，居世界领先地位。 Hydraulic transmission There are many outstanding advantages, it is widely used, su
9、ch as general industr- ial use of plastics processing machinery, the pressure of machinery, machine 2 tools, etc.； operating machinery engineering machinery, construction machinery, agricultural machinery, automobiles, etc.； iron and steel indu- stry metallurgical machinery, lifting equipment, such
10、as roller adjustment device； civil water projects with flo- od control and dam gate devices, bed lifts installations, bridges and other manipulation of institutions； speed turbine power plant installations, nuclear power plants, etc.； ship from the deck heavy machinery (winch), the bow doors, bulkhe
11、ad valve, stern thruster, etc.； special antenna technology giant with control devices, measu- rement buoys, movements such as rotating stage； military-industrial control devices used in artillery, ship anti- rolling devices, aircraft simulation, aircraft retractable landing gear and rudder control d
12、evices and other devi- ces. 液压传动有许多突出的优点，因此它的应用非常广泛，如一般工业用的塑料加工机械、压力机械、机床等；行走机械中的工程机械、建筑机械、农业机械、汽车等；钢铁工业用的冶金机械、提升装置、轧辊调整装置等；土木水利工程用的防洪闸门及堤坝装置、河床升降装置、桥梁操纵机构等；发电厂涡轮机调速装置、核发电厂等等；船舶用的甲板起重机械（绞车）、船头门、舱壁阀、船尾推进器等；特殊技术用的巨型天线控制装置、测量浮标、升降旋转舞台等；军事工业用的火炮操纵装置、船舶减摇装置、飞行器仿真、飞机起落架的收放装置和方向舵控制装置等。 A complete hydraulic
13、 system consists of five parts, namely, power components, the implementation of co- mponents, control components, auxiliary components and hydraulic oil. 一个完整的液压系统由五个部分组成，即动力元件、执行元件、控制元件、辅助元件和液压油。 The role of dynamic components of the original motive fluid into mechanical energy to the pressure that
14、 the hydraulic system of pumps, it is to power the entire hydraulic system. The structure of the form of hydra- ulic pump gears are generally pump, vane pump and piston pump. 动力元件的作用是将原动机的机械能转换成 液体的压力能，指液压系统中的油泵，它向整个液压系统提供动力。液压泵的结构形式一般有齿轮泵、叶片泵和柱塞泵。 Implementation of components (such as hydraulic cyl
15、inders and hydraulic motors) which is the pressure of the liquid can be converted to mechanical energy to drive the load for a straight line reciprocating movement or rotational movement. 执行元件 (如液压缸和液压马达 )的作用是将液体的压力能转换为机械能，驱动负载作直线往复运动或回转运动。 Control components (that is, the various hydraulic valves)
16、in the hydraulic system to control and regulate the pressure of liquid, flow rate and direction. According to the different control functions, hydraulic pressure control valve can be divided into valves, flow control valves and directional control valve. Pressure control valves are divided into bene
17、fits flow valve (safety valve), pressure relief valve, sequence valve, pressure relays, etc.； flow control valves including throttle, adjusting the valves, flow diversion valve sets, etc.； directional control valve includes a one-way valve , one-way fluid control valve, shuttle valve, valve and so o
18、n. Under the control of different ways, can be divided into the hydraulic valve control switch valve, control valve and set the value of the ratio control valve. 控制元件 (即各种液压阀 )在液压系统中控制和调节液体的压力、流量和方向。根据控制功能的不同，液压阀可分为压力控制阀、流量控制阀和方向控制阀。压力控制阀又分为益流阀 (安全阀 )、减压 3 阀、顺序阀、压力继电器等；流量控制阀包括 节流阀、调整阀、分流集流阀等；方向控制阀包括
19、单向阀、液控单向阀、梭阀、换向阀等。根据控制方式不同，液压阀可分为开关式控制阀、定值控制阀和比例控制阀。 Auxiliary components, including fuel tanks, oil filters, tubing and pipe joints, seals, pressure gauge, oil level, such as oil dollars. 辅助元件包括油箱、滤油器、油管及管接头、密封圈、压力表、油位油温计等。 Hydraulic oil in the hydraulic system is the work of the energy transfer me
20、dium, there are a variety of mineral oil, emulsion oil hydraulic molding Hop categories. 液压油是液压系统中传递能量的工作介质，有各种矿物油、乳化液和合成型液压油等几大类。 The role of the hydraulic system is to help humanity work. Mainly by the implementation of components to rotate or pressure into a reciprocating motion. 液压系统的作用就是帮助人类做工。
21、主要是由执行元件把压力变成转动或往复运动。 Hydraulic system and hydraulic power control signal is composed of two parts, the signal control of some parts of the hydraulic power used to drive the control valve movement. 液压系统由信号控制和液压动力两部分组成，信号控制部分用于驱动液压动力部分中的控制阀动作。 Part of the hydraulic power means that the circuit diagra
22、m used to show the different functions of the interrelationship between components. Containing the source of hydraulic pump, hydraulic motor and auxiliary components； hydraulic control part contains a variety of control valves, used to control the flow of oil, pressure and direction； operative or hy
23、draulic cylinder with hydraulic motors, according to the actual requirements of their choice. 液压动力部分采用回路图方式表示，以表明不同功能元件之间的相互关系。液压源含有液压泵、电动机和液压辅助元件；液压控制部分含有各种控制阀，其用于控制工作油液的流量、压力和方向；执行部分含有液压缸或液压马达，其可按实际要求来选择。 In the analysis and design of the actual task, the general block diagram shows the actual ope
24、ration of equi - pment. Hollow arrow indicates the signal flow, while the solid arrows that energy flow. 在分析和设计实际任务时，一般采用方框图显示设备中实际运行状况。 空心箭头表示信号流，而实心箭头则表示能量流。 Basic hydraulic circuit of the action sequence - Control components (two four-way valve) and the spring to reset for the implementation of c
25、omponents (double-acting hydraulic cylinder), as well as the extending and retracting the relief valve opened and closed . For the implementation of components and control components, presentations are based on the corresponding circuit diagram symbols, it also introduced ready made circuit diagram
26、symbols. 基本液压回路中的动作顺序 控制元件（二位四通换向阀）的换向和弹簧复位、执行元件（双作用液压缸）的伸出和回缩以及溢流阀的开启和关闭。 对于执行元件和控制元件，演示文稿都是基于相应回路图符号，这也为介绍回路图符号作了准备。 Working principle of the system, you can turn on all circuits to code. If the first implementation of components numbered 0, the control components associated with the identifier is 1. Out with the implementation of components corresponding to the identifier for
