1、3700单词，5690汉字 管理学院 外 文 翻 译 专 业： 国际经济与贸易 班级学号 ： 国贸 073-14 学生姓名： &nb
2、sp; 指导教师： 1 INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING:GLOBAL REGULATION FOR A GLOBAL INDUSTRY Source:1Krishna Prasad,Changing Role of Ship-Brokers,Journal of Information Tech
3、nology,2004 2European Community,Overview of the International Commercial Shipbuilding Industry,First Marine International Limited.2003 3ICS,IMO,International shipping:Global Regulation For a Global Industry,International Chamber of Shipping,2007 Conclusions from Mod
4、al Workshop 4 at the 2009 International Transport Forum Statement by the International Chamber of Shipping (ICS) and the International Maritime Organization (IMO) The following statement reflects the discussion during Modal Workshop 4, International Shipping: Global Regulation for a Global Ind
5、ustry, which took place at the 2009 International Transport Forum in Leipzig, Germany, on 27 May 2009. Following several years of incredibly buoyant shipping markets, for many trades the best in living memory, much of the international shipping industry has fallen prey to the worldwide economi
6、c downturn. Shipping is inherently the servant of the economy, so the contraction in trade, following the beginning of the credit crunch in late 2008, has translated into a dramatic and abrupt reduction in demand for shipping. Initially worst hurt were the containership trades. By the spring o
7、f 2009 some 10% of the fleet was already laid up, much of it too modern and expensive to go to recycling yards. However, the dry bulk trades have also been severely affected, particularly by the reduction in demand for raw materials from China, with spot market freight rates for some bulk carriers b
8、eing a fraction of the peak prices achieved in 2008. By April 2009, rates for crude, product and chemical tankers had also fallen very sharply. In general most shipping markets present a rather bleak picture. A major concern of ICS national shipowners associations therefore is to 2 disco
9、urage governments from responding to the crisis with protectionist measures, which will only damage world trade further. More particularly, governments must avoid measures that restrict fair and open access to shipping markets. Although most shipping today enjoys relatively liberalised trading condi
10、tions compared to the days of national cargo reservation in the 1980s,shipping is unusual in that it is one of the few major industries not yet covered by a global multilateral trade agreement. However, the prospect of a new agreement under the auspices of the World Trade Organization (WTO) looks in
11、creasingly uncertain. The industry must therefore be extremely vigilant inreacting to any moves towards protectionism in maritime trades, especially those using safety and security as a pretext. The shipping industry does not expect special treatment, or the billions of dollars of suppor
12、t being granted by some governments to the likes of the banking and automobile industries. However, to operate competitively and efficiently in very difficult circumstances, shipping requires the maintenance of a regulatory level playing field, and continuation of the certainty now provided by the t
13、onnage tax regimes that apply to shipowners in many countries. Shipping is notoriously volatile, and its more experienced practitioners are familiar with the cyclical boom and bust nature of maritime freight rates.However, the contraction resulting from the general global downturn could well be exac
14、erbated by the large number of new buildings due to come into service during the next few years, notwithstanding efforts by many shipowners to cancel or renegotiate contracts. Many of these ships were ordered at high prices at the top of the market. In the face of this two-way pressure, there
15、is likely to be a considerable increase in the number of older vessels that will be sent for dismantling and recycling. In view of the adoption, in May 2009, of a new IMO Convention to address concerns about working and environmental conditions in ship recycling yards, the need for governments to id
16、entify facilities that are acceptable for use will become all the more pressing. As the IMO Secretary-General has forcefully identified, financial pressures on the industry must not be allowed to result in any reduction in standards. Much has been achieved in the last 20 years with regard to safety and environmental performance, and no one is suggesting a moratorium on new regulations that genuinely improve safety, which is always the industrys overriding priority. However, governments
