1、附 录 （英文翻译原文） Developmental situation and Future Trent of Chinese Bulk Cement Facilities and Technology Cui Yuan sheng， P.R. China Introduction In2000,the output of Chinese cement production had highly reached for 583.19 million .This can be said it is the top among the world .The average bulk cement
2、 proportion of the nation, however ,is only 18% of the total output. In a few large cities such as Beijing and Shanghai .the bulk proportion could be higher though. It can reach 50-70%. The average proportion of bulk cement is far behind that in the developed countries. The reasons for this situatio
3、n may be numerous, but it is one of the most important factors that the equipment and technology of bulk cement is quite antiquated. In order to make the hulk cement have a considerable progress it is a must to improve the quality of bulk cement equipment and raise its standard of technology to the
4、worlds advanced level. This article will analyse the technical situation of Chinas bulk cement facilities, make some comparisons with the advanced bulk cement equipment and technologies applied in foreign countries and approach or probe into the developmental trend of bulk cement equipment and techn
5、ology in China. Two branches of learning are important for the development of bulk cement facilities ；the transporting engineering and the powder engineering .According to its application it can be categorized into 5 barieties as follows: Loading equipment :including the facilities used for rearrang
6、ing or discharging silos, loading machine ,dust collector ,etc,: Transporting equipment :including the train for bulk cement, trucks, ships, containers ,compacted large bags, etc.: Storing facilities :including cement silos, terminals, movable tankers ,fixed tanks and the handing device of movable t
7、anks etc,: Metering devices: including railway track scale, weighbridge ,electronic-weighing system, rotor weighfeeder, nucleon-weigher, belt-weigher etc.: Conveying equipment: including screw conveyer, belt conveyer, elevator and varieties of pneumatic conveying devices, etc. The Current Situation
8、and Analysis of Chinese Bulk Cement Facilities and Technology Since the first set of controlling systems of bulk cement conveying had been completed in Sanmenxia water conservancy project of Yellow River in 1957. China has made her hard efforts for 40 years. It should be said that China has got a gr
9、eat development and formed a great capacity for manufacturing of bulk cement facilities . According to incomplete statistics made by the National Office of Bulk Cement (NOBC), China now has more than 60 enterprises that are concerned with the manufacturing of bulk cement facilities .Among them, more
10、 than 30 manufacturers are truck makers that are considerable in scale,6 are train makers,5 are related with air compressors, and the rest 19 are dealing with dischargers, metering appliances and so on .These manufacturers have a certain actual strength, and their technologies and experiences in man
11、agement, etc. are on a higher level . However when compared with the worlds advanced standard, they have a long way to go .They can not meet the needs of production ,circulation and application for bulk cement .This situation is seriously restricting the development of bulk cement industry in China
12、.To make an analysis from the technology aspect, we could say there are mainly 5 problems existing in the industry of Chinas bulk cement facilities. 2.1 The Loading and Discharging System of Bulk Cement is Relatively Backward At present the controlling systems adopted in China for loading and discha
13、rging of bulk cement are relatively backward . They are basically controlled mechanically and manually, and they can not preset or auto-adjust the rate and volume of loading and discharging materials in time. The Body Design of Tank Trucks is Not Quite Reasonable The effective availability of space
14、of the truck body should be further improved, and the deadweight of the tank remains to be reduced ,too .Besides .the wide application of micro-holes technology based on a fiber knitted plate for air ventilation leads to technical shortage and problems .For example .an inevitable dramatic decrease o
15、f discharging rate of materials in tank happens as time goes on ,and the remainder of cement in the tank in considerably increased .Though it is indicated that the tank trucks are of a higher norm ,In fact the performances of them worsen quickly a period of time after being put into action .The perf
16、ormances of some of them worsen down to 50%of the design values especially after running for 3 months .It is a common phenomenon that the discharging time is too long ,and the remainder of material in tank is seriously over the standard. 2.3 Air Compressor also Affect Discharging Performance The air
17、 compressor is the central component of a bulk cement transporting tanker .Nowadays ,the swing link type of air compressor is used extensively in China .The effectiveness of domestic air compressors is low. In general it is just about 65% ,so the energy consumption is very high .At the same time the
18、 specific weight of domestic air compressor is 31-45Kg/m3 ,which is 4 times of the quota of compressor produced in developed countries .It is obvious ,the heavier air compressor must lead to the reduction of the loading amount of cement .Moreover ,domestic air compressors are louder and create heavi
19、er vibration when running ,and their service life is relatively short . 2.4 In General ,Mobile Tanks for Bulk Cement are Made of Steel The tanks used in China are cumbersome because of their iron and steel body .cranes and other special equipment is needed for handing ,they are inconvenient to opera
20、te and cause very high costs .In addition ,tanks made of iron and steel are not suitable to be put in open air poor resistance against oxygen .The whole body of the tanks is often seen in poor appearance with rust spots ,and they requite to be maintained every year . 2.5 The Standardization and Syst
21、ematization Still Require to be Strengthened The manufacture of bulk cement facilities has developed with the increase of bulk cement growth .As part of the mechanical manufacturing of industrial facilities ,the fabrication of bulk cement facilities is a new industry in China .Many product standards
22、 can not follow up with the growth of production .There are no national standards for the shaft movable tank of bulk cement ,the hulk cement loading machine ,and the loading spout of bulk cement train so far ,a fact that has caused serious difficulties regarding connections or joints. The product st
23、ructure of air compressors is also irregular or unreasonable and results into additional problems ,such as the shortage of spare parts .Despite NOBC had put forward the proposal of using unified and standard quick-joints of discharging pipe for pneumatic discharging bulk cement tankers in1993 ,it is not coordinated up to now .owing to the lack of taking powerful measures ,which has had a grievous influence on the serializing of products should be further strengthened because the available range
