1、 衡水学院 毕业论文（设计）英文文献翻译 学生姓名 : 陈立秋 系 别 : 法学与思想政治教育学系 专 业 : 思想政治教育 年 级 : 2011 级 学 号 : 201120202128 指导教师 : 高春菊 衡水学院教务处印制 第 1 页 原 文 TITLE： FROM TRAUMAS CAPES TO TOURISTS CAPES: “WAR TOURS” IN SARAJEVO AND VACUOLAR Abstract: If the link between war and tourism has already received considerable academic and
2、 media attention, the spatial representation of war in the tourism sector is still emerging in the fields of cultural geography and anthropology. In this paper I seek to explore the rehabilitation and fructification of sites traumatized by war which I have approached using the concept of Traumas cap
3、e (Tumarkin, 2005) by presenting two case studies in the Balkan region: Sarajevo (Bosnia) and Vacuolar (Croatia). These two cities lived through a terrible and traumatic siege during the Balkan war of the 1990s and are both undergoing a process of post-conflict reconstruction. Tourists are now comin
4、g back to the region and many are eager to visit the war heritage left by the conflict. So-called “war tours”, leading tourists through war-affected areas, are appearing in these towns: the Time of misfortune tour and the mission impossible tour in Sarajevo or The soldiers trail tour in Vacuolar. Th
5、e fructification of these sites and of the Balkan war in general raises many questions in terms of the representation and interpretation of a collective and recent trauma: why are certain sites “Torified” and others not? Can tourism foster cooperation and reconciliation between divided communities?
6、Can tourism be a vector of expression for silent or peripheral voices? What is the relationship between these sites and those who visit them? In conclusion I will introduce the concept of dark tourism which is often used to problematic the relation between war and tourism and consider it from a crit
7、ical perspective. Key Words: Heritage, tourism, war, Balkan, Vacuolar, Sarajevo, dark tourism, trauma. This paper presents a current research on the rehabilitation of sites traumatized by war and more specifically on their touristification. It will explore two case studies taking place in cities cha
8、racterized by the siege they lived through during what was commonly named as the Balkan war. Those towns now expose sites specifically linked to the war to tourists through what is labeled as “war tours”. In Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia Herzegovina, the tourism board proposed the Time of Misfortu
9、ne tour and on another hand a private guide introduced the war torn heritage of the city through a tour called the Mission Impossible Tour. In 第 2 页 Vacuolar, a mid-sized town in East Croatia, a private tour operator invites tourists to visit the scars of the conflict through a tour called the Soldi
10、ers Trail. For a good comprehension of the following text, it is important to first clarify the concept of Traumas cape (Tumarkin 2005) in order to put in light its transformation into a tourists cape. The presentation of the case studies will lead to a critical analysis of this existing field of re
11、search problematizing the relation between war and tourism mostly as it will be shown through the notion of dark tourism (Lennon & Foleys 2000, Stone 2006). Heritage and in this context war heritage should be approached through a dynamic manner, not as a collection of elements simply transmitted fro
12、m past to present, but as a permanent creation aiming to respond to contemporary needs, such as tourism development or the reconstruction of a war-torn image. Gregory Ashworth for instance insists on its contemporary dimension: Heritage is not an artifact or site associated with past times, conditio
13、ns, events or personalities. It is a process that uses sites, objects, and human traits and patterns of behaviors as vehicles for the transmission of ideas in order to satisfy various contemporary needs. Furthermore now that tourists local and foreign come back to visit the region and the stigmata o
14、f war, the rehabilitation and the touristification of those traumas capes raise a number of questions in terms of interpretation and representation of a collective trauma, but also regarding economic and territorial development, or even in terms of reconciliation and social cohesion: Why are some si
15、tes rehabilitated and others not? Can tourism foster reconciliation between divided communities? Can tourism be a vector of expression for silent voices? Or on the opposite side, could the touristification of traumatic elements aim to serve the powers in place? Finally, while situating a trauma like
16、 war in an industry close to leisure, dont we risk disconnecting it from its traumatic history? The criteria which Name and Surname of Author(s) determined the choice of the case studies will first be presented. Second, an analysis of those “war tours” will be undertaken and the sites exposed to tou
17、rists through this experience will be put in light. Sarajevo in Bosnia Herzegovina and Vacuolar in the Croat region of Slovenia were chosen as case studies. The principal criteria which determine this choice can be summarized as the following: first those two places lived through a traumatic siege2 during the war and this has great implications in the interpretation of the conflict, since the two parties did not
