1、PDF外文：http:/ Proceedings of the 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS Cit International, Lyon, France August 23-26, 2007. Using Zigbee to Integrate Medical Devices Paul Frehill, Desmond Chambers, Cosmin Rotariu Abstract Wirelessly enabling Medical Dev
2、ices such as Vital Signs Monitors, Ventilators and Infusion Pumps allows central data collection. This paper discusses how data from these types of devices can be integrated into hospital systems using wireless sensor networking technology. By integrating devices you are protecting investment and op
3、ening up the possibility of networking with similar devices. In this context we present how Zigbee meets our requirements for bandwidth, power, security and mobility. We have examined the data throughputs for various medical devices, the requirement of data frequency, security of
4、 patient data and the logistics of moving patients while connected to devices. The paper describes a new tested architecture that allows this data to be seamlessly integrated into a User Interface or Healthcare Information System (HIS). The design supports the dynamic addition of new m
5、edical devices to the system that were previously unsupported by the system. To achieve this, the hardware design is kept generic and the software interface for different types of medical devices is well defined. These devices can also share the wireless resources with other types of sensors being d
6、eveloped in conjunction on this project such as wireless ECG (Electrocardiogram) and Pulse-Oximetry sensors. MANY devices that exist today by the bedside in the hospital ward, intensive care unit or other clinical setting have data output features over serial ports and other types of in
7、terfaces such as USB. These devices are usually considered a significant investment and are usually purchased in an ad hoc fashion as required when finance becomes available. The consequence of this is that devices are often from different manufacturers that dont support any standard protocol. This
8、can make integrating these devices into a single network difficult. In the hospital ward Vital Signs monitors, Ventilators and Infusion Pumps of many different brands are usually portable and wheeled from patient to patient as required. By networking these devices the hospital gains al
9、l the advantages associated with storing patient data centrally in electronic records. By making the device part of a wireless sensor network such as a Zigbee 1 network there are several more advantages including, cable replacement, mobility and location management. Once these devices are networked
10、they can also use the infrastructure of other deployments of similar wireless sensor networks in the surrounding environment. To achieve this type of solution each device must be fitted with a piece of hardware that will act as a serial to wireless bridge, a Medical Device Interface (M
11、DI). This MDI will allow the device to receive and transmit data within the wireless sensor network. This inexpensive hardware will be generic to fit a wide range of medical devices. Similarly the firmware can be kept generic and any specific device communication protocols can be implemented on a se
12、rver on the network backend. The work described in this paper is part of a larger project, the goal of which is to provide a complete patient monitoring system. Other features of the overall system will be to provide ECG (Electrocardiogram) and Pulse-Oximetry data i
13、n a novel way over a wireless sensor network using expertise gained on prior projects 2. RELATED WORK The concept of using wireless sensor networks for Medical Care and wireless patient monitoring has been explored by others but integrating data from other devices is generally not
14、 discussed. There is ongoing related work in patient monitoring using wireless sensors such as the “CodeBlue” project at Harvard 3. Others have also proven successful with wireless sensor networks designs for medical sensors 4 and in the management of sensor data 5. It has been identified that it is
15、 desirable to wirelessly enable existing medical devices that provide vital signs data using technologies such as Zigbee 6, 7. The research described in this paper aspires to meet these requirements. The use of wireless sensor networks within the hospital has been extensively examined. Moreover, oth
16、er wireless technologies within the same frequency band, such as IEEE 802.11 8, have existed within the hospital for some time 9. III. REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS Wireless Technologies Established standards for wireless applications, such as Bluetooth 10 and IEEE 802.11, allow high transmiss
17、ion rates, but at the expense of power consumption, application complexity, and cost. Zigbee offers low cost, low power devices that can communicate with each other and the outside world. ZigBee's self-forming and self-healing mesh-network architecture lets data and control messages pass from one node to another by multiple paths. This is particularly useful in a hospital environment where interference from walls,
