1、附录 外文资料及翻译 As we review suspension system components and how they work together, remember that a vehicle in motion is more than wheels turning. As the tire revolves, the suspension system is in a dynamic state of balance, continuously compensating and adjusting for changing driving conditions. Today
2、s suspension system is automotive engineering at its best. The components of the suspension system perform six basic functions: 1. Maintain correct vehicle ride height 2. Reduce the effect of shock forces 3. Maintain correct wheel alignment 4. Support vehicle weight 5. Keep the tires in contact with
3、 the road 6. Control the vehicles direction of travel However, in order for this to happen, all the suspension components, both front and rear, must be in good working condition. MAIN COMPONENTS OF A MODERN SUSPENSION SYSTEM At this point, its important to understand that the main components of a mo
4、ving vehicle suspension system are the Struts, Shock Absorbers, Springs and Tires. We will first turn our attention to the design and function of springs. In the following section we will thoroughly examine the function and design of shock absorbers and strut assemblies. The springs support the weig
5、ht of the vehicle, maintain ride height, and absorb road shock.Springs are the flexible links that allow the frame and the body to ride relatively undisturbed while the tires and suspension follow the bumps in the road. Springs are the compressible link between the frame and the body. When an additi
6、onal load is placed on the springs or the vehicle meets a bump in the road, the springs will absorb the load by compressing. The springs are a very important component of the suspension system that provides ride comfort. Shocks and struts help control how fast the springs and suspension are allowed
7、to move, which is important in keeping tires in firm contact with the road. During the study of springs, the term bounce refers to the vertical (up and down) movement of the suspension system. The upward suspension travel that compresses the spring and shock absorber is called the jounce, or compres
8、sion. The downward travel of the tire and wheel that extends the spring and shock absorber is called rebound, or extension. When the spring is deflected, it stores energy. Without shocks and struts the spring will extend and release this energy at an uncontrolled rate. The springs inertia causes it
9、to bounce and overextend itself. Then it re-compresses, but will again travel too far. The spring continues to bounce at its natural frequency until all of the energy originally put into the spring is used. If the struts or shock absorbers are worn and the vehicle meets a bump in the road, the vehic
10、le will bounce at the frequency of the suspension until the energy of the bump is used up. This may allow the tires to lose contact with the road. Struts and shock absorbers that are in good condition will allow the suspension to oscillate through one or two diminishing cycles, limiting or damping e
11、xcessive movement, and maintaining vertical loads placed upon the tires. This helps keep the tires in contact with the road. By controlling spring and suspension movement, components such as tie rods will operate within their design range and, while the vehicle is in motion, dynamic wheel alignment
12、will be maintained. SPRING DESIGNS Before discussing spring design, it is important to understand sprung and unsprung weight. Sprung weight is the weight supported by the springs. For example, the vehicles body, transmission, frame, and motor would be sprung weight. Unsprung weight is the weight tha
13、t is not carried by springs, such as the tires, wheels, and brake assemblies. The springs allow the frame and vehicle to ride undisturbed while the suspension and tires follow the road surface. Reducing unsprung weight will provide less road shock. A high sprung weight along with a low unsprung weight provides improved ride and also improved tire traction. There are four major spring designs in use today: coil, leaf, torsion bar, and air. Coil Springs
