1、 本科毕业设计（ 论文） 专业名称 ： 土木工程 年级班级： 学生姓名： 指导教师： 河南理工大学土木工程学院 二 年 月 日外文翻译 河南理工大学本科毕业设计（论文） 外文翻译 1 Urban transportation Planning An urban transportation system is basic component of an urban areas social，economic ， and physical structure. Not only does the design and performance of a transportation system
2、provide opportunities for mobility， but over the long term， it influences patterns of growth and the level of economic activity through the accessibility it provides to land. Planning for the development or maintenance of the urban transportation system is thus an important activity， both for promot
3、ing the efficient movement of people and goods in an urban area and for maintaining the strong supportive role that transportation can play in attaining other community objectives. There are several basic concepts about an urban transportation system that should be kept in mind. Most important， a tr
4、ansportation system in an urban area is defined as consisting of the facilities and services that allow travel throughout the region， providing opportunities for:(I)mobility to residents of an urban area and movement of goods and (2) accessibility to land .Given this definition， an urban transportat
5、ion system can be further characterized by three major components: the spatial configuration that permits travel from one location to another； the transportation technologies that provide the means of moving over these distances； and the institutional framework that provides for the planning, constr
6、uction, operation, and maintenance of system facilities. The Spatial Configuration of a Transportation System One way to describe the spatial dimension of an urban transportation system is to consider the characteristics of individual trips from an origin to a destination. For example, a trip can co
7、nsist of several types of movement undertaken to achieve different objectives. Travelers leaving home might use a local bus system to reach a suburban subway station(a trip collection process)， proceed through the station to the subway platform (a transfer process)， ride the subway to a downtown sta
8、tion (a line-haul process)， and walk to a place of employment (a distribution process). Similarly， one can view a home-to-work trip by car as consisting of similar segments， with the local street system providing the trip collection process, a freeway providing the line-haul capability， a parking lot in the central business district serving as a transfer point， and walking， as before， serving the distribution function.
