1、 河 北 农 业 大 学 本 科 毕 业 （ 设 计 ） 论文 外 文 文 献 翻 译 学 院： 城乡建设学院 专业班级： 农业水利工程 0901 班 学 号： 2009224010113 学生姓名： 周飞 指导教师姓名： 高惠嫣 指导教师职称： 讲师 二 零一三 年 三 月 1 Water-saving irrigation 1. Existing water-saving irrigation methods Irrigation methods, field water distribution method is how to have been sent to the farms,
2、the irrigation water is evenly distributed to the active layer of the crop root. Irrigation water is the means by which to enter the active layer of roots, irrigation methods can be divided into surface irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, micro-irrigation and underground irrigation. 1.1 surface irriga
3、tion Surface irrigation is an ancient traditional irrigation method, in general, it is as compare whether water-saving basis points. Surface irrigation technology are constantly develop and constantly improve, so there are many more water-efficient than traditional surface irrigation technology. 1.1
4、.1 new furrow irrigation tools Traditional furrow irrigation with artificial opening from the distribution channel water into the furrow, it is neither accurate and inconvenient, and often cause the field of water loss due to water port leakage countries have already adopted the siphon (for open cha
5、nnel water ) or gate hole pipe (aqueduct) drainage, China has done a number of tests, proven to improve field water utilization rate of 5% to 10%. 1.1.2 surge irrigation Modern foreign developed wave Chung (groove) border irrigation or intermittent ditch (furrow) irrigation, traffic control into the
6、 ditch (furrow) is intermittent water and then put a period of time (a few minutes or tens of minutes) to field stop the water for some time (a few minutes or tens of minutes), and so forth, so that you can make along the ditch (furrow) the length direction of the water distribution is more uniform.
7、 Fields of water utilization up to 80% to 90%. Film hole irrigation (also known as the film hole irrigation) Gully, made on the film of water flow in the membrane, crops grow hole to penetrate the land, so that irrigation efficiency is high, generally water-saving 25% to 35%, an increase of 15% to 2
8、0%, they do not specifically facilities. 1.2 Irrigation Sprinkler to spray through the air, due to the pressure of the commonly used pressure aqueduct. In general, its obvious advantages irrigation uniformity, less of farmland, save manpower, strong adaptability to the terrain. The main disadvantage
9、 is influenced by wind, high investment in equipment. More in our country are the following: fixed pipe sprinkler, the semi-mobile pipeline sprinkler irrigation, a rolling shift sprinkler manifold, when the needle irrigation machine, a large pan spray irrigation machine, grain irrigation machine in
10、microirrigators units and so on. 1.3 drip irrigation Irrigation water with a small plastic tube directly sent to the the Meike crop roots near the water drip out slowly by drippers, a sophisticated irrigation methods, only need water to irrigation can truly only irrigation crop Instead of filling the land. And can be a long time in the crop root zone moisture in the optimal state, so to save water and increase production. But its biggest drawback is the Dripper out flow orifice is small, the flow rate is low, so serious congestion problems.
