1、外文翻译原文 1 Considerations on recent trends in, steel bridge construction in Japan Abstract In this paper, consideration is given on recent trends in, steel bridge construction in Japan. As far as recent trends are concerned, it is observed that the construction of long and big steel bridges has practi
2、cally been completed. Consequently, the focus of recent main works is the maintenance of superannuated (averaged) bridges and the seismic retrofitting of existing bridges. The refreshment and regeneration of some superannuated bridges is also needed recently in order to mitigate the uncomfortable in
3、fluence of these bridges on their surrounding environment. For this purpose, maintenance and retrofitting works should be economically reasonable jobs. The necessity and importance of these works should be understood by the nation through retrofitting existing bridges against disasters and mitigatin
4、g the unfavorable influence of bridge structures on the bridge environment on the basis of the code of ethics for civil engineers promulgated by JSCE. Moreover, bridge engineers should seek better social status and the bridge engineering field should become attractive to young students who will bear
5、 the future of this field. 1.1 Construction trend In Japan, many bridges were intensively constructed in the 1960s80s, during the period of high economic growth, with the number of bridges constructed per year decreasing recently to half of the overall peak. More specifically, the steel bridge indus
6、try reached the golden age in the latter half of the 1960s. However, the latest data indicates that the recent number of 外文翻译原文 2 constructed steel bridges has declined to approximately 40% of its peak, though the number of constructed RC and PC bridges remains almost constant from the beginning of
7、1960 to date. After the construction of many bridges as one of the important infrastructures, bridges were constructed predominantly in places of direct need. Recently, it is observed that various kinds of damage have occurred to many bridges mainly constructed in the 1960s. Especially following the
8、 investigation of damage to steel structures due to the Hyogo-ken Nambu Earthquake which occurred in 1995, importance has been attached to seismic design for the construction of new bridges and to seismic retrofitting for existing steel bridges, aiming to utilize the ductility of steel bridge member
9、s and structures. Many repair and seismic retrofitting works of bridge structures damaged as a result of the earthquake have been carried out and these works are due to finish in the near future. Damaged parts in steel bridges were mainly classified into piers, bearings and restraining parts protect
10、ing bridges from falling down. Recently, the seismic retrofitting works of long-span steel bridges has started. For example, the seismic retrofitting work of the Minato Bridge in Osaka, a big cantilever truss bridge with a main span of 510 m is now under way, with an estimated budget of 6000 million
11、 Japanese Yen and a works duration of 5 years. The Maitani Bridge located in Nara Prefecture, a deck-type steel girder bridge with the span length of 112 m is also undergoing seismic retrofitting. Nowadays, many existing steel bridges exhibit some form of deterioration, such as the corrosion of steel members, fatigue cracks in RC slabs, steel decks and steel members due to the passage of many overweight vehicles,
