1、外文资料 人力 043（ B） 陈 蓉 0404052088 Training and Developing Employees Gary Dessler Human resource management(Ninth Edition)M Tsinghua University Press 2005， 187-189 Training refers to the methods used to give new or present employees the skills they need to perform their jobs. Training might mean showing
2、 a new Web designer the intricacies of your site, a new salesperson how to sale your firms product, or a new supervisor how to interview and evaluate employees. Training is a hallmark of good management, and a task manager overlook at their peril. Having high-potential employees doesnt guarantee the
3、yll succeed. Instead, they have to know what you want them to do and how you want them to do it. If they dont, theyll do the jobs their way, not yours. Or they will improvise, or, worse, do nothing productive at all. Good training is vital. Why the training business is booming “Training” is more inc
4、lusive than it used to be. Training used to focus mostly on teaching technical skills, such as training assemblers to solder wires or teachers to write lesson plans. Today, such technical training is no longer enough. Employers today have to adapt to technological change, improve product and service
5、 quality, and boost productivity to stay competitive. Doing so often requires remedial education. For example, quality improvement programs require employees who can produce charts and graphs and analyze data. Similarly, todays employees need skills (and thus training) in team building, decision mak
6、ing, and communication, as well as technological and computer skills (such as desktop publishing and computer-aided design and manufacturing). And as competition demands better service, employees increasingly require customer service training. McDonalds swung into action with a new training program
7、in 2001, for instance, when it found that many of its in-store customers complained of poor service. As one trainer puts it: “we dont just concentrator on the traditional training objectives anymore We sit down with management and help them identify strategic goals and objectives and the skills and
8、knowledge needed to achieve them. Then we work together to identify whether our staff has the skills and knowledge, and when they dont, thats when we discuss training needs.” Trends like these help explain why training is booming. In one survey, about 84% of employees reportedly received some type o
9、f formal training while with their current employers. On average, employees annually received about 45 hours of training, about one-third of which was formal, and two-thirds informal. Larger U.S. firms spent about $54 billion training employees in 2000. Much of that paid the salaries of in-house tra
10、ining specialists, but more than $19 billion went to outside vendors for materials, and services. The Five-Step Training and Development Process Training programs consist of five steps. The first, or need analysis step, identifies the specific job performance skills need, analyzes the skills and nee
11、ds of the prospective trainees, and develops specific, measurable knowledge and performance objectives. In the second step, instructional design, you decide on, compile, and produce the training program content, including workbooks, exercises, and activities； here youll probably use techniques like
12、those discussed in this chapter, such as on-the-job training and computer-assisted learning. There may be a third, validation step, in which the bugs are worked out of the training program by presenting it to a small representative audience. The fourth step is to implement the program, by actually t
13、raining the targeted employee group. Fifth is an evaluation and follow-up step, in which management assesses the programs successes or failures. Most employers probably do not (and need not) create their own training materials, since many materials are available on-and offline. For example, the prof
14、essional development site offers a wide range of Web-based courses employees can take online. And many firms, including American Media, Inc, of West Des Moines, Iowa, provide turnkey training packages. These include a training leaders guide, self-study book, and video for improving skills in areas
15、such as customer service, documenting discipline, and appraising performance. Training and Learning Training is essentially a learning process, and studies show there are several things you can do to improve learning. Make Learning Meaningful It is usually easier for trainees to understand and remember material that is meaningful. Therefore: 1、 At the start of training, provide a birds-eye view of the material to be presented. Knowing the
