1、PDF外文：http:/ E 外国文献翻译 E-1 外国文献 TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE MONITORING AND PREVENTION OF DRIVER FATIGUE Anneke Heitmann, Rainer Guttkuhn, Acacia Aguirre, Udo Trutschel, Martin Moore-Ede Circadian Technologies, Inc. Lexington, MA 02421, USA Abstract:A series of driving
2、simulation pilot studies on various technologies for alertness monitoring (head position sensor, eye-gaze system), fitness-for-duty testing (two pupil-based systems), and alertness promotion (in-seat vibration system) has been conducted in Circadian Technologies' Alertness Testbed. The results i
3、ndicate that, all tested technologies show promise for monitoring/testing or preventing driver fatigue, respectively. However, particularly for fatigue monitoring, no single measure alone may be sensitive and reliable enough to quantify driver fatigue. Since alertness is a complex phenomenon, a mult
4、i-parametric approach needs to be used. Such a multi-sensor approach imposes challenges for online data interpretation. We suggest using a neural-fuzzy hybrid system for the automatic assessment of complex data streams for driver fatigue. The final system output can then be used to trigger the activ
5、ation of alertness countermeasures. INTRODUCTION Driver fatigue has become acknowledged as the most significant safety hazard in the transportation industry. This has stimulated an extensive international research program on driver fatigue causes and countermeasures. A recent comprehensive ana
6、lysis of the worlds literature shows the emphasis is moving from investigations of causes to studies of specific countermeasures. Before 1993 only 20% of published work was on countermeasures, but now the balance has changed with 63% of current projects focusing on countermeasures. This driver fatig
7、ue literature database has recently been compiled and made publicly available and searchable on the Internet by Circadian Technologies (). The most active area of research has become the development and validation of technological tools for measuring and preventing driver fatigue. Circadian Technolo
8、gies has established a Driver Alertness Testbed for testing, validating and refining such technological tools (see below for details). A series of pilot studies on various technologies for measuring and preventing fatigue has been conducted, and a representative cross-section of the results will be
9、presented here. METHODS The Tested Driver Fatigue Technologies Alertness-monitoring technologies.Two potential alertness-monitoring technologies were tested: a head position sensor system (Figure 1) and an eye-gaze system (Figure 2). The head position sensor system MINDSTM (Advanced Safe
10、ty Concepts, Inc.) is conceptually designed to detect microsleep events occurring in association with head nodding by assessing the x, y, and z coordinates of the head through conductivity measurements. The Eye-Gaze system (LCTechnologies, Inc.) originally developed for the eye-controlled operation of computer systems, uses a pupil center corneal reflection method to determine the x/y/z-direction of the eyes gaze and, in addition, provides information regarding pupil diameter, blinking, and eye fixation. Figure 1: MINDSTM Head Position System
