1、外文资料翻译 Design, Construction & Structural Details of Burj Dubai The goal of the Burj Dubai Tower is not simply to be the worlds highest building: its to embody the worlds highest aspirations. The superstructure is currently under construction and as of fall 2007 has reached over 160 stories. The fina
2、l height of the building is 2,717 feet (828 meters). The height of the multi-use skyscraper will comfortably exceed the current record holder, the 509 meter (1671 ft) tall Taipei 101. The 280,000 m2 (3,000,000 ft2) reinforced concrete multi-use Burj Dubai tower is utilized for retail, a Giorgio Arma
3、ni Hotel, residential and office. As with all super-tall projects, difficult structural engineering problems needed to be addressed and resolved。 Structural System Description Burj Khalifa has refuge floors at 25 to 30 story intervals that are more fire resistant and have separate air supplies in ca
4、se of emergency. Its reinforced concrete structure makes it stronger than steel-frame skyscrapers Designers purposely shaped the structural concrete Burj Dubai - Y shaped in plan - to reduce the wind forces on the tower, as well as to keep the structure simple and foster constructibility. The struct
5、ural system can be described as a buttressed core (Figures 1, 2 and 3). Each wing, with its own high performance concrete corridor walls and perimeter columns, buttresses the others via a six-sided central core, or hexagonal hub. The result is a tower that is extremely stiff laterally and torsionall
6、y. SOM applied a rigorous geometry to the tower that aligned all the common central core, wall, and column elements。 Each tier of the building sets back in a spiral stepping pattern up the building. The setbacks are organized with the Towers grid, such that the building stepping is accomplished by a
7、ligning columns above with walls below to provide a smooth load path. This allows the construction to proceed without the normal difficulties associated with column transfers The setbacks are organized such that the Towers width changes at each setback. The advantage of the stepping and shaping is t
8、o confuse the wind1. The wind vortices never get organized because at each new tier the wind encounters a different building shape. The Tower and Podium structures are currently under construction (Figure 3) and the project is scheduled for topping out in 2008。 Architectural Design The context of th
9、e Burj Dubai being located in the city of Dubai, UAE, drove the inspiration for the building form to incorporate cultural, historical, and organic influences particular to the region。 The center hexagonal reinforced concrete core walls provide the torsional resistance of the structure similar to a c
10、losed tube or axle. The center hexagonal walls are buttressed by the wing walls and hammer head walls which behave as the webs and flanges of a beam to resist the wind shears and moments. Outriggers at the mechanical floors allow the columns to participate in the lateral load resistance of the struc
11、ture； hence, all of the vertical concrete is utilized to support both gravity and lateral loads. The wall concrete specified strengths ranged from C80 to C60 cube strength and utilized Portland cement and fly ash Local aggregates were utilized for the concrete mix design. The C80 concrete for the lo
12、wer portion of the structure had a specified Youngs Elastic Modulus of 43,800 N/mm2 (6,350ksi) at 90 days. The wall and column sizes were optimized using virtual work . La Grange multiplier methodology which results in a very efficient structure (Baker et ah, 2000). The reinforced concrete structure
13、 was designed in accordance with the requirements of ACI 318-02 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete The wall thicknesses and column sizes were fine-tuned to reduce the effects of creep and shrinkage on the individual elements which compose the structure. To reduce the effects of diffe
14、rential column shortening, due to creep, between the perimeter columns and interior walls, the perimeter columns were sized such that the self-weight gravity stress on the perimeter columns matched the stress on the interior corridor walls. The five (5) sets of outriggers, distributed up the building, tie all the vertical load carrying elements together, further ensuring uniform gravity stresses: hence, reducing differential creep movements. Since the shrinkage in concrete occurs more quickly in thinner walls or columns,
