1、2980单词，1.6万英文字符，5280汉字 北京化工大学北方学院毕业设计（论文） 外文文献原稿和译文 1 外文文献原稿和译文 原 稿 Process Planning and Concurrent Engineering T. Ramayah and Noraini Ismail ABSTRA
2、CT TThe product design is the plan for the product and its components and subassemblies. To convert the product design into a physical entity, a manufacturing plan is needed. The activity of developing such a plan is called process planning. It is the link between product design and manufacturing. P
3、rocess planning involves determining the sequence of processing and assembly steps that must be accomplished to make the product. In the present chapter, we examine processing planning and several related topics. Process Planning PProcess planning involves determining the most appropriate manu
4、facturing and assembly processes and the sequence in which they should be accomplished to produce a given part or product according to specifications set forth in the product design documentation. The scope and variety of processes that can be planned are generally limited by the available processin
5、g equipment and technological capabilities of the company of plant. Parts that cannot be made internally must be purchased from outside vendors. It should be mentioned that the choice of processes is also limited by the details of the product design. This is a point we will return to later. PProcess
6、 planning is usually accomplished by manufacturing engineers. The process 北京化工大学北方学院毕业设计（论文） 外文文献原稿和译文 2 planner must be familiar with the particular manufacturing proce
7、sses available in the factory and be able to interpret engineering drawings. Based on the planners knowledge, skill, and experience, the processing steps are developed in the most logical sequence to make each part. Following is a list of the many decisions and details usually include within the sco
8、pe of process planning. .nterpretation of design drawings. The part of product design must be analyzed (materials, dimensions, tolerances, surface finished, etc.) at the start of the process planning procedure. .Process and sequence. The process planner must select which pr
9、ocesses are required and their sequence. A brief description of processing steps must be prepared. .Equipment selection. In general, process planners must develop plans that utilize existing equipment in the plant. Otherwise, the component must be purchased, or an investment must be mad
10、e in new equipment. .Tools, dies, molds, fixtures, and gages. The process must decide what tooling is required for each processing step. The actual design and fabrication of these tools is usually delegated to a tool design department and tool room, or an outside vendor specializing in
11、that type of tool is contacted. .Methods analysis. Workplace layout, small tools, hoists for lifting heavy parts, even in some cases hand and body motions must be specified for manual operations. The industrial engineering department is usually responsible for this area. .Work st
12、andards. Work measurement techniques are used to set time standards for each operation. .Cutting tools and cutting conditions. These must be specified for machining operations, often with reference to standard handbook recommendations. Process planning for parts FOr individual parts, the processing sequence is documented on a form called a route sheet. Just as engineering drawings are used to specify the product design, route sheets are used to specify the process plan. They are counterparts, one for product design, the other for manufacturing. A
